tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-90942170185548576462024-03-08T02:12:44.593-08:00Essay writing quotesGood Topics For A Evaluation Term Papercatherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.comBlogger73125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-47923516518521738832020-08-24T22:50:00.001-07:002020-08-24T22:50:05.938-07:00A Canticle For Leibowitz essaysA Canticle For Leibowitz papers Walter M. Mill operator depicts a thought of how he figures innovation will influence society numerous years later. This isn't really how we figure innovation will influence society. The job innovation has on human presence and the outcome that change has on humankind are illustrated and created all through the three separate pieces of the novel: Fiat Homo, Fiat Lux and Fiat Voluntas Tua A Canticle for Leibowitz. is set numerous years later, after the decimation of the Nuclear Holocaust and the Flame Deluge. The Holocaust has pulverized any innovation known to man and constrained society to begin once again. The overcomers of the holocaust free society of any insight including specialists, researchers, and any who are instructed. The survivors do this since they feel compromised by the information individuals have and become boneheads. They likewise observe the informed as the reason for the holocaust in the in front of the pack, they feel that since researchers concocted atomic weapons, its their flaw they were utilized to annihilate the world. In the start of the novel the researchers utilize the church as a position of solace and shrewdness. The priests interpret all the remaining parts of the book print, into lit up original copies. These enlightened compositions are basic to society since they are the main wellspring of information from an earlier time and can be utilized to anticipate what the future will hold. There are numerous topics introduced in the initial segment of the novel that are created all through the novel; innovations job on human presence and the outcomes that change has on mankind. About 600 years after the fact is the point at which the second piece of the novel, Fiat Lux, happens. Mill operator shows how appealing the intensity of innovation has become to society. It additionally appears the numerous results that the progression of innovation can cause. A character in ... <! catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-64669121640351960382020-08-22T02:23:00.001-07:002020-08-22T02:23:34.474-07:00Busi 650-ILP Final EssayChapter by chapter list I. Conceptual II. Authoritative Setting III. Key Concepts a. Quality b. Absolute Quality Management c. Development d. Procedure Map e. Adjusted Scorecard f. Six Sigma g. Seat Marking h. Stock Management IV. End V. References Conceptual The principle motivation behind the Integrative Learning Project (ILP) is to present a bona fide or manufactured organization/industry to inquire about. The companyââ¬â¢s authoritative setting incorporates the statement of purpose of the organization, who the inward/outside clients are, what perspectives can be added to accomplish the associations strategic, what job Christianity has with the association. The examination incorporates utilizing eight distinct ideas learned all through the course, clarifying in detail how these ideas identify with the association and the advantages the ideas offer to the association, and what should be done to execute these ideas into the organizationâ successfully. This ILP will demonstrate that a fruitful business can be run successfully and productively while executing the key ideas. Hierarchical Setting Dover Saddlery, Inc. is a main claim to fame retailer in the English-style horseback riding industry in the United States. The organization offers an enormous determination of value and premium equestrian items to think about, ride, train, and contend a pony. Established in 1975 by Jim and David Powers, the organization has become the biggest multi-channel advertiser of head equestrian items by selling through direct and retail deals. The organization serves the English rider through Dover Saddlery and the western rider through Smith Brothers. The organization sells their items utilizing indexes, the web, and retail locations. The product offering incorporates an assortment of things, for example, tack, horse attire, horse wellbeing, footwear, and specific clothing. Dover Saddlery, Inc. is headquartered in Littleton, MA, including a stockroom and call focus office. The organization has 18 retail stores in Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, and Virginia. The companyââ¬â¢s second from last quarter 2013 all out incomes were $63.6 million, a 6.4% expansion from the $59.7 million accomplished in the relating time frame. Dover Saddlery, Inc. stock exchanges on the NASDAQ Stock Market under the image DOVR. The companyââ¬â¢s mission is to develop the business by giving an expansive assortment of value and most exceptional equestrian clothing, gear, stable, and pony care items to all equestrians, while working effectively and being productive. The organization conveys 5,800 things containing roughly 28,000 diverse SKUââ¬â¢s. The organization conveys passage level value focuses to the excellent very good quality value focuses to meet the wide scope of client needs and desires. The organization conveys an unmistakable and wide choice of need-based and great items at serious costs with brief request satisfaction capacity. The organization separates itself from contenders by their huge stock comprising of non-marked items, private name items, and premium brands. The present equestrian items showcase isâ estimated by the American Horse Council at $7.6 billion with an expected 9.2 millions ponies in the United States. American Sports Data gauges that over 16.8 million individuals ride p onies. The equestrian business has numerous markers that the equestrian items industry will keep on developing. The organization is known for their greatness in client support and enormous extensive determination. The organization advances a culture of considerate, educated, and brief client support delegates. 90% of the deals and client support agents are horse aficionado. The organization offers clients a 100% fulfillment ensure. The organization has one of the biggest point by point client databases. The database comprises of clients that have bought things with the most recent a year and their segment data. The utilization of the inventory, web, and retail locations has empowered the organization to catch client data, cross-advertise items, and give a helpful shopping experience to clients. The companyââ¬â¢s clients are essentially females with an energy for the riding sport. The clients are rich and extravagance situated who will in general decide to purchase from the organization for the high caliber and chief items. The client base shows high repurchase rates and has been faithful cl ients. The job Christianity has in this association is client assistance is basic and Matthew 10:31 states, ââ¬Å"Fear not, along these lines; you are more an incentive than numerous sparrowsâ⬠(ESV). In the administration business, consumer loyalty is critical and the organization needs to enlist the perfect individuals and prize them for there ability. Colossians 3:23-24 states, ââ¬Å"23 Whatever you do, work at it with everything that is in you, as working for the Lord, not for human bosses, 24 since you realize that you will get a legacy from the Lord as a prize. It is the Lord Christ you are servingâ⬠(New International Version). Another refrain that can be applied in this association is 1 Peter 4:10, ââ¬Å"As every ha got a blessing, use it to serve each other, as great stewards of Godââ¬â¢s shifted graceâ⬠. The organization utilizes the endowments God gives us and give them to buyers to profit by. The job of Christianity assumes an incredible job in this organiza tion. Key Concepts The main key idea that is relevant to Dover Saddlery is Quality. Quality hugy affects the nature of items and the achievement of the association. As indicated by Dinh, Igel, and Laosirihongthong (2010), ââ¬Å"quality, thought about a key vital factor in making business progress, is like never before required for contending effectively in todayââ¬â¢s worldwide commercial center and it has become the key motto as associations take a stab at an upper hand in business sectors described by advancement, globalization, and learned customersâ⬠(p. 931). The structure and execution of the item are two significant ideas of value. Quality should begin with the client, the experience the client has with the item or administration will affect the customerââ¬â¢s fulfillment with the complete understanding. The administration and control of the nature of the items and administrations is essential to the accomplishment of the association. It is significant for associations to actualize a quality confirmation program (QAP) to guarantee the nature of the items and administrations. As indicated by Rouse (2007): In creating items and administrations, quality confirmation is any efficient procedure of verifying whether an item or administration being created is meeting determined necessities. Numerous organizations have a different division given to quality confirmation. A quality affirmation framework is said to build client certainty and a companyââ¬â¢s believability, to improve work procedures and proficiency, and to empower an organization to more readily rival others. Quality confirmation was at first presented in World War II when weapons were assessed and tried for surrenders after they were made. Todayââ¬â¢s quality confirmation frameworks underscore getting absconds before they get into the last item (Quality Assurance). There are numerous focal points for the organization to have a QAP set up, incorporate an upper hand, increment in deals and piece of th e overall industry, expanded consumer loyalty, better administration control, obviously characterized authoritative undertakings, structure, and duties, progressively compelling reviews, and value premium (Aramyan, Meuwissen, Oude Lansink, van der Vorst, van Kooten, and van der Lans, 2009, p. 624). As indicated by Yang (2006) ââ¬Å"several concentrates on quality administration have shown that conveying predominant help quality upgrades efficiency, diminishes costs, builds client unwaveringness, improves piece of the pie, and carries other general advantages to an assistance association (p.1129). The QAP satisfies the needsâ and desires for the clients and improves the nature of the items and administrations. The second key idea that is pertinent to the organization is absolute quality administration (TQM). As indicated by Richards (2012), TQM can be characterized as an integrative way to deal with the board that underpins the achievement of consumer loyalty through a wide assortment of apparatuses and procedures that the final product is higher caliber of merchandise and enterprises (p. 37). TQM is a hierarchical wide idea of persistent improvement to guarantee the items and administrations surpass their customersââ¬â¢ desires. As indicated by Richards (2012), ââ¬Å"this sort of value the board requires the organization to consistently check to ensure that item or administration is at the standard that both the organization and client needs is maintainedâ⬠(p. 37). Surpassing the inner and outside clients fulfillment is a key focal point of TQM. As indicated by Talib, et al. (2011), TQM ââ¬Å"has got an extraordinary consideration because of its adequacy in accomplishing practi cal upper hand and improved business performanceâ⬠(p. 1331). TQM is ââ¬Å"a all out gander at the nature of the organizationâ⬠(Richards, 2012, p. 41). ââ¬Å"All administration ventures should look to embrace and actualize TQM with the goal that proactive distinguishing proof and reaction to required changes can prompt consistent improvementâ⬠(Talib, et al. 2011). ââ¬Å"Quality-cognizant organizations ordinarily have a solid quality culture, which is useful for accomplishing client satisfactionâ⬠(Delgado-Hernandez and Aspinwall, 2008, p.1016). The act of TQM can grow an organization to have a practical bit of leeway in neighborhood and global markets (Richards, 2012, p. 36). The third key idea that is pertinent to the organization is advancement. ââ¬Å"In the advanced business world, development is similarly as significant as quality, so they should go hand and hand and one supplements each otherââ¬? catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-61408692377146555682020-07-25T08:50:00.001-07:002020-07-25T08:50:03.381-07:001-in-10-out Rule1-in-10-out Rule Being a minimalist doesnât mean youâll never buy anything new. It means youâll do so with intention. It also means youâll let go aggressively and deliberately. Or you could do both simultaneously. When I first started simplifying, I was overwhelmed by how much stuff I wanted to jettison. That overwhelm compounded because I still felt the pall of future purchases. To combat impulse shopping and aid my minimizing efforts, I implemented a rule: the 1-in-10-out Rule. For every item I acquired, I had to get rid of ten things I owned. Want that new shirt? Ten articles of clothing hit the donation bin. Want that new chair? Ten pieces of furniture make it to eBay. Want that new blender? Ten kitchen items are axed. This rule helped me reshape my everyday-consumption habits, and, much like the 30-Day Minimalism Game, it helped me strengthen my letting-go muscles. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email. catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-89682261304634917842020-05-22T08:12:00.001-07:002020-05-22T08:12:04.813-07:00Allegory Of The Cave By Plato - 974 Words Have you ever felt so trapped in a small space you began to lose your mind? In Platoââ¬â¢s short story, ââ¬Å"Allegory of the Cave,â⬠the author uses allegory as a means to justify that the world is a reflection of more perfect and ideal forms. As the story begins, Platoââ¬â¢s teacher, Socrates, presents a world of alternate reality to Platoââ¬â¢s brother Glaucon by telling him to imagine a cave full of prisonerââ¬â¢s who have been chained their entire lives. The shadows, voices, and figures given to them by the puppeteers on the wall have constructed the only reality the prisoners have ever known. Those few interpretations lead the prisoners to believe the shadows are real. To the prisoners, they must be real because that is all they have ever seen, heard, or known. The cave is used as a means to open peoples eyes to the world we live in and to not blindly walk through life living by the rules of our puppeteers. As children we are the prisoners hidden in the cave o r chained to the society defined by the media, government, educational systems, and many other constructs we do not even question. Our knowledge of reality, truth, and education will always be limited by our fears of puppeteers, new ideas, and radical perspectives unless we break free from what is holding us back. Just like the prisoners locked in their caves, we must seek enlightenment beyond the illusions instilled upon us. He explains the education of the soul toward enlightenment by examining the ideas of universal forms. TheShow MoreRelatedAllegory Of The Cave By Plato1722 Words à |à 7 PagesAllegory of the Cave Human experiences are an everyday aspect of individuals lives. The way individuals see, touch, smell, feel, and even remember is through unique experiences. People do not realize it, but our everyday life and community shape how the mind experiences certain events. Because of these, the way individuals see the world is different from person to person. The mind interprets the world around the individuals, however, it can only interpret what it is exposed to. It is up to the individualsRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave By Plato1511 Words à |à 7 PagesIn our class, we read three powerful and meaningful texts. We started by reading The Allegory of the Cave by Plato, a Greek philosopher who lived from 428-347 B.C.E. This text led to our reading of The Four Idols by Francis Bacon, an English philosopher who came much later than Plato and lived from 1562 to 1626. Lastly, we read The Word Weavers/World Makers by Neil Postman, who lived from 1931-2003. There seems to be a recurring theme in which they themselves deal with ideas of knowledge and illusionsRead MoreAllegory of the Cave Plato6021 Words à |à 25 Pagescomfortable with this unawareness because it is all we know. Platos Allegory of the Caveâ⬠captures the essence of the journey to enlightenment. Clearly, the thought of sameness and normality thinking has transcended from Platos time to today. Thus, the allegory is relevant to contemporary essential life. Organizations are known for fostering a culture of group thinking. The danger inherent in group thinking is the object lesson that Plato tries to convey. When we refuse to engage in critical thinkingRead MoreThe Allegory of the Cave by Plato916 Words à |à 4 PagesThe ââ¬Å"Allegory of the Caveâ⬠by Plato represents the differences in the way we perceive reality and what we believe is real. In his story, Plato starts by saying that in a cave, there are prisoners chained down and are forced to look at a wall. The prisoners are unable to turn their heads to see what is going on behind them and are completely bound to the floor. Behind the prisoners, puppeteers hide and cast shadows on the wall in line with the prisonersââ¬â¢ sight, thus giving the prisoners their onlyRead MorePlatos Allegory of the Cave1093 Words à |à 4 PagesPlatos Cave begins by explaining the conditions of the people inside the cave. The people inside sit side by side. Their hands and legs are chained to the ground. They face a wall in the cave. The cave is illuminated by a fire behind the people. On the wall, there are projections of shadows created by the fire and objects that passes by fire. The prisoners dont know this, of course, because they are bound so tight that they cant turn their heads. There are people that are carrying objects to createRead MorePlatos Allegory of the Cave.1145 Words à |à 5 PagesIn Plato s The Allegory of the Cave, Socrates tells an allegory of the hardship of understanding reality. Using metaphors Socrates comp ares a prisoner in an underground cave who is exploring a new strange world he never knew of to people who are trying to find a position of knowledge in reality. Through it, Plato attempts to map a man s journey through education and describes what is needed to achieve a perfect society. According to Socrates, most people tend to rely on their senses excessivelyRead MoreAllegory Of The Cave By Plato934 Words à |à 4 Pagesour lives, every person has asked themselves a varied version of the same questions: What is ââ¬Å"realityâ⬠, moreover what determines our perception of reality, and what am I supposed to do with (or about) it? Throughout ââ¬Å"Allegory of the Cave,â⬠Plato attempts to answer these questions. Plato suggests that humans have a constrained view of the world, and that reality consist of two different perceptions, a bodily eyeâ⬠and a ââ¬Å"mindââ¬â¢s eye.â⬠The ââ¬Å"mindââ¬â¢s eyeâ⬠, the hypothetical site of visual recollection or Read MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1716 Words à |à 7 PagesIn Platoââ¬â¢s, Allegory of the cave, a key theory I found was the importance of education. Plato uses an ââ¬Å"allegory to illustrate the dilemma facing the psyche in the ascent to knowledge of the imperishable and unchanging formsâ⬠(104) Based on my research of the republic, the allegory can reveal multiple hidden messages. Plato describes, ordinary mortals are chained within an underground chamber, which according to Fiero, represents the psyche imprisoned within the human body. These mortals canââ¬â¢t lookRead MorePlato s Allegory Of Cave1979 Words à |à 8 PagesJaneva Walters December 6, 2016 Dr. T. Brady ENG 391 Platoââ¬â¢s Allegory of Cave The allegory of the cave is regarded as one of the most reputed and acclaimed works by the Greek philosopher Plato in modern literature as well as philosophy. First published and presented in his work known as a Republic (514aââ¬â520a), the dialogues that have been used as conversation can be regarded as fictitious as the main conversation takes place between Platoââ¬â¢s brother Glaucon and Socrates. First and foremost, allegoricalRead MoreThe Allegory Of The Cave Proposed By Plato1595 Words à |à 7 PagesThe allegory of the cave proposed by Plato includes the representation of the levels of knowledge. As we get closer to the exit, we get more knowledgeable and wiser we get, thus becoming better selves. Literature represents part of this knowledge, it has been a fundamental part of understanding our society, and has archived and developed the events and thoughts that made the world in which we live today. The more we read, the more we understand about us as well as learning from other peoplesââ¬â¢ experiences catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-31330351240630284982020-05-08T06:38:00.001-07:002020-05-08T06:38:03.330-07:00Essay on Al-Shabaab African Terrorist Organization The Al-Shabaab is regarded as one of the most dangerous African terrorist organizations. Al-Shabaab is a multiethnic militant group out of Somalia that uses many terrorist tactics in attempts to gain control over the country of Somalia. They use many forms of terrorism that include ideological revolutionary, dissident, and nationalist terrorism, as they have the motive to gain power over a territory by overthrowing the government. The Al-Shabaab is suspected to have taken part in many terrorist attacks, including the 1998 United States embassies bombings. The motive behind their violence is their goal of creating an Islamic state in Somalia, which they believe is morally justified by the ideological beliefs. An important psychologicalâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦If Al-Shabaab notices an individual that they think will benefit them and help their cause, they will threaten the individual into joining the organization (NCTC, 2013). This is an example of the Al-Shabaab using the ration al selection method to select specific members. However, lower ranking members and solders of Al-Shabaab are more concerned about nationalist matters in hopes of gaining control of their territory, compared to its leaders, which are focused on the global jihad. It is reported that the lower ranking members of Al-Shabaab will sometimes shift alliances and turn on Al-Shabaab. This is an example of intergroup conflict within Al-Shabaab. If the members of the organization do switch sides, Al-Shabaab is powerful enough to manipulate that clan network and absorbing them. This makes Al-Shabaab more powerful and gains a significantly more amount of members at the cost of one. Al-Shabaab keeps their head internal leader unclear, although itââ¬â¢s leadership as a whole eventually falls upon Ayman al-Zawahiri, al-Qaedaââ¬â¢s leader. Though it seems that Al-Shabaab tends to no comply with Ayman al-Zawahiri at all times. In 2010, Ayman al-Zawahiri replaced Al-Shabaabââ¬â¢s Emir, title o f a Muslim ruler, Moktar Ali Zubeyr ââ¬Å"Godaneâ⬠, who is regarded as Al-Shabaabââ¬â¢s Emir, with Ibrahim Haji Jama. However, Godane refused this notion and continued on to be the organizations ruler. Al-Shabaab, the cells of al-Qaeda, recently have begun to leave major cities in Somalia, in routeShow MoreRelatedAl-Shabaab Terrorist Group1590 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction: Al-Shabaab as a terrorist group poses a significant threat in Somalia and in the global community. This paper will start by discussing the background. In this part the paper will show how the group has evolved from Al-Ittihad Al-Islam (AIAI) to the Islamic Court Union (ICU) and lastly to Al-Shabaab. Before discussing the groupââ¬â¢s threat of national security, homeland and international, this paper will provide the conceptual meaning of key terminology, such as national security, homelandRead MoreThe Purpose of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) Essay996 Words à |à 4 PagesThe African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) on the surface is an effective fighting force in Somalia; however, the success of AMISOM is contingent upon Ugandan participation. The existence of AMISOM is due to a long Somali history of political / economic instability and the current struggle against the Somalia based terrorist organization, Al-Shabaab. The overall objective within Somalia is to eliminate or at a minimum contain the Al-Shabaab threat. The creation of AMISOM assists the SomalianRead MoreNATO Essay1092 Words à |à 5 Pagesmember states as over 40 states, which are not members of the organization, are involved in political and security issues concerning the organization. Roping in other countries has facilitated improved exchange of information, enhanced understanding of conflicts in regions where NATO seeks to intervene but does not have a presence. Despite being an American-centric entity, NATOââ¬â¢s functions have all the attributes of an international organization working for the preservation of international peace. 3.1Read MoreShould the Al- Shabaab Be Put on the EU Listing for Terrorist?712 Words à |à 3 PagesWestgate shopping mall in Nairobi by the Somali organisation al-Shabaab, it seems somewhat disingenuous to raise the question of whether or not such an entity should be considered a terrorist organisation. However, while al-Shabaab is considered a terrorist organisation by, among others, the US (1), Australia (2) and the UK (3), it is not currently included in the EU list of terrorist groups and entities (4). A recent motion to include al-Shabaab in this list has been made but is as yet unfulfilled (5)Read MoreThe Islamic Terrorist Organization Al Shabaab2670 Words à |à 11 Pageswillingness and desire to use violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political change has only increased as time progressed. International Terrorist groups have evolved in tactics, inhumanity, and deviance, one of the up and coming groups that have carried out alike threats and attacks is the Somali te rrorist organization Al Shabaab. This paper will cover an organization an organizational overview and accounts of their strategies, tactics. The conclusion of this paper will provide will provide an assessmentRead MoreTerrorism : A Comparison Of Al Shabaab And Boko Haram Terrorist Networks2744 Words à |à 11 PagesTerrorism: A comparison of Al shabaab and Boko Haram Terror Networks. Introduction Heightened attention is paid to terrorism since September 11, 2001 terror attacks on World Trade Center and the Pentagon by Al Qaeda terror network. The act of terror and terrorist groups however have existed for centuries. Terrorism as Ted Gur would explain is a tactic used by the weak to intimate the strong and by the strong to intimidate the weak (Gur in White, 2002, p.205). It is believed that when a group resortsRead MoreThe Radicalization Of Somali Youths2016 Words à |à 9 Pages Introduction Somalia has been engaged in a civil war since 1991. The war has destroyed national governance structures leaving Somalia a patchwork of clan fiefdoms. In this chaotic environment, Non- governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Islamic organizations replaced the government in providing necessary services to the people of Somalia. In 2006, Ethiopia, with the backing of United States, invaded Somalia and ousted the Islamic Courts Union, a union of Islamic courts that had assumedRead MoreAl Shabaabs Influence in Somali Government Essay1843 Words à |à 8 Pagesconstant attacks led by Mohammad Abdullah, AKA ââ¬Å"Mad Mullahâ⬠, a folk hero amongst modern day Somalis (African Affairs, 2011). Conflict in Somalia continues to thrive thanks in large part to the terrorist group Al Shabaab (ââ¬Å"the youthâ⬠in Arabic), a radical Islamic based organization that maintains control over a large portion of the central and southern part of the country. Al Shabaab has ties to Al Qaeda (AQ) with the main goal of installing a fundamentalist Islamist government in Somalia and is conductingRead MoreAnalysis Of Al Shabaab s Origins1755 Words à |à 8 Pages 3. (U) History. Al-Shabaabââ¬â¢s origins are linked back to the 1990s when a militant Salafist group called al-Itihad al-Islami (AIAI) was the opposition against Somali troops during the countryââ¬â¢s civil war. Several of the younger members eventually left AIAI to join another organization called the Islamic Courts Union (ICU). The ICU started as an unsecured array of Sharia courts. By late-2006, the ICU had developed toward an influential Islamic militia that held control over the large majorityRead MoreInternational Union For Conservation Of Nature1488 Words à |à 6 PagesImagine you are this beautiful elephant peacefully drinking water from the waterhole among other African animals and then you hear gun shots firing everywhere. You are running for your life when suddenly everything becomes pitch black, then you open your eyes and see a man with a gun pointing at your head laughing as you lay dying. The general point is that almost all animals are getting to the brink of extinction or are either being tagged as an endangered species by the IUCN Red List. The IUCN catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-73934582007954480692020-05-06T09:34:00.001-07:002020-05-06T09:34:46.812-07:00Media Formulation Free Essays Medium formulation is an essential stage in the design of fermentation process. Most fermentation media require liquid media, although some solid-substrate fermentations are also operated. Fermentation media must satisfy all the nutritional requirements of the microorganisms and fulfill the technical objectives of the process. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Formulation or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are several stages where media are required in a fermentation process; inoculum (starter culture), propagation steps, pilot-scale fermentations and the main production fermentations. According to Cruger W and Cruger A (1990); on a large scale, the sources of nutrients should be selected to create a medium which should meet as many as many possible of the following criteria: i. It should produce the maximum yield of product or biomass per gm of substrate used. ii. It should produce maximum concentration of product or biomass. iii. It should permit the maximum rate of product formation. iv. There should be the minimum yield of undesired products. v. It should be of a consistent quality and be readily available throughout the year. vi. It should cause minimal problems during media preparation and sterilization. vii. It should cause minimal problems in other aspects of the production process particularly aeration and agitation, extraction, purification and waste treatment. The initial step in media for media formulation is the examination of the overall process on the stoichiometery for growth and product formation. The optimization of a medium should be carried out such that it meets as many as possible of the seven criteria. Different combinations and sequences of process conditions have to be investigated to determine growth conditions (Stanbury P. F and Whitaker A; 1995). Medium optimization can be carried by the classical method, in which one independent variable is changed while keeping all others at a certain level. An aerobic fermentation process may be represented as: Carbon and energy source + Nitrogen source + O2 + other requirements Biomass + products + CO2 + H2O + heat This primarily involves consideration of the input of the carbon and nitrogen sources, minerals and oxygen and their conversion to cell biomass, metabolic products. Based on this information, it should be possible to calculate the minimum quantities of each element required to produce a certain quantity of biomass and metabolite According to Prasanthi V et al (2008); Chlorella vulgaris is a green, spherical, single celled fresh water microalga belongs to the phylum Chlorophyta. As per the study conducted so far it is found that green algae are the highest source of chlorophyll in the plant world and particularly, Chlorella one of the members of green algae is the richest source of chlorophyll which is widely used as a health food and feed supplement. The aim of this work is to design different medium types to evaluate optimization combinations for maximum growth, morphology and pigment content of C. vulgaris. Effect of glucose Three different volumes of glucose from apple juice while other variables are kept constant. The volumes that were used are 5g/l, 15g/l and 30g/l. The highest chlorophyll production (12%) was obtained with a glucose concentration of 15g/l. Glucose is used as a carbon source which is required for all biosynthesis leading to reproduction, product formation and cell maintenance. It also serves as the energy source. Carbon requirements may be determined from the biomass yield coefficient (Y), an index of the efficiency of conversion of a substrate into the cellular material: Ycarbon (g/g) = biomass produced (g) __________________ Glucose substrate utilized (g) An increase in glucose concentration of 30g/l resulted in the production of chlorophyll being at a constant this is because all the active sites of the microorganism are occupied and active carrying out biochemical reactions. At low glucose concentration of 5g/l very little biomass (chlorophyll) is obtained and also there is low growth rate. Thus, glucose concentration significantly influences chlorophyll production and microbial growth of the microorganism. Constraints that can be generated include the fact that apple juice not only contains one type of sugar, glucose but also contains other sugars (fructose and sucrose) which the microorganism can either utilise for growth resulting in us not obtaining accurate optimization results and also the other sugars can inhibit the growth of the microorganism. Apple juice also contains soluble pectin these can be difficult to digest hence a reduction in biomass. Effect of nitrogen from defatted soya Nitrogen being important constituent of the cell protein was needed for algal growth, either in combined or in molecular form. It is also a component of proteins nucleic acids some co-enzymes. Industrially important microorganisms can utilize both inorganic and organic nitrogen sources. Inorganic nitrogen may be supplied as ammonium salts, often ammonium sulphate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, or ammonia; these can be used in place of defatted soya. Ammonia can also be used to adjust the pH of the fermentation. As nitrogen deficiency develops the amount of chlorophyll in the cells decreases faster than the nitrogen content in C. vulgaris. Nitrogen is a limiting factor if continually increased it can inhibit the production of chlorophyll. Varying concentrations of nitrogen were used i. e 0. 3g/l, 0,6g/l and 2. 0g/l. At 0. 3g/l little chlorophyll is obtained this is due to the fact that nitrogen being a macronutrient it is required in high concentration. At 0. 6g/l high yields of chlorophyll are obtained and at 2. 0g/l nitrogen turns to be a limiting factor and can lead to culture toxicity. Constraints can be generated when using Ammonia as a substitute for defatted soya this is due to the fact that ammonia leads to high pH which results in a precipitate formation in the medium but lower pH of the medium prevent the precipitation. Foaming in a microbiological process is due to media proteins that become attached to the air-broth interface where they denature to form stable foam. Non-treatment of foam may block air filters, resulting in loss of aseptic conditions. The foam production can be controlled by addition of chemical antifoam. Natural antifoams include plant oils (e. g. Soya, sunflower and rapeseed), hence defatted soya is used as a nitrogen source rather than ammonia. Also high concentrations of ammonium ions can be toxic to cells of the microbe. Effect of Mg2+ MgSO4 can be used as the source of magnesium. It promotes the maximum growth of the present alga and it is also incorporated as an enzyme co-factor component of chlorophyll. Three salt concentrations were used 0. 1g/l; 0. 5g/l and 1g/l. At low salt concentration of 0. 1g/l it results in a magnesium deficiency which interrupted cell division in Chlorella which results in abnormally large cell formation. Increase in salt concentration of 0. g/l and 1g/l of magnesium alone in the medium resulted in higher cell number, although increase in nitrogen alone did not make much difference that means cells need magnesium to synthesize chlorophyll. The process of multiplication requires a larger concentration of magnesium in the medium than does the production of cell material. Iron uptake is strictly r equired to optimize the process. References 1). Crueger W and Crueger A. 1990. A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology. Oxford. Panima Publishing Corporation. 2). Stansbury P. F and Whitaker A . 1995. Principles of fermentation technology. New York. Pergamon Press. 3). Prasanthi V, Yugandhar M. N, Vuddaraju S. P, Nalla K. K, Raju C. A. I and Donthireddy S. R. R. Optimization of the fermentation media using statistical approach and artificial neural networks for the production of chlorophyll by Chlorella vulgaris. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences. 2008. 2 (3): 51-56 CHINHOYI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY NAME: Ngara Tanyaradzwa R REG NUMBER: C1110934J COURSE: Process Optimization and Production COURSE CODE: CUBT 208 PROGRAM: BSBIO Level 2:2 Assignment: 1 Lecturer Dr Zvidzai How to cite Media Formulation, Papers catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-58242047591812721992020-04-27T19:49:00.001-07:002020-04-27T19:49:02.243-07:00Multinational companies in Mexico Abstract This paper has attempted to review Mexico as an investment hub for multinational companies. The countriesââ¬â¢ potential is discussed briefly alongside cultural considerations. The importance understanding the organizational culture of firms in Mexico before investing has also been discussed.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Multinational companies in Mexico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reasons for multinationalsââ¬â¢ interest in setting up operations in Mexico The main reason why MNCs should relocate to Mexico is the availability of highly skilled labor. This could be attributed to the governmentââ¬â¢s huge investment in human resource. The good bit about this labor is that it calls for low wages. Such highly skilled labor is quite expensive in other regions including United States. It is evident that much less is used in terms of labor capital investment in Mexico. Labor is an importan t factor in any business and not only the cost that matters but also the quality. This combination is readily available in Mexico. The second reason is the potential of businesses in Mexico to achieve high productivity, growth rates and quality performance. This means that the companies break even very fast. Various studies that have been carried out proofed this point. Amongst three auto assembly plants in Canada, United States and Mexico, the Mexican plants topped according to a study by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The research conducted by J. D. Power and Associates placed Ford Motorââ¬â¢s Hermisillo plant (Mexico) at the top in North America. Mexico is also favoring the expansion of plants particularly those to do with computers and electronics. That is why Intel put in some $ 1.5 billion in its upgrading program in 2007. This is an example of a company which operates out of many countries and investing in Mexico is an indication of the potential that the country h as. Mexicoââ¬â¢s market is wide due to the many trade agreements it has made with countries across the world. Cultural differences and MNCs MNCs in the world today are adopting the four basic predispositions to enhance their operations. These are ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric and geocentric. In ethnocentric, the values and the interests of the parent company guide the strategic decisions. Using this approach means the MNC is not concerned about the cultural differences found in the country of operation. Polycentric predisposition is guided by the need to allow the culture of the country of operation to guide the strategic decisions. Regiocentric attempts to strike a balance between the companyââ¬â¢s values and interests with those of the region of operation. In geocentric predisposition, the company adopts a global approach to decision making.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OF F Learn More The United States MNCs have already dominated the Mexican investment arena. Their strategic predisposition uses an approach which is responsive to the values and interests of the local people. As has been mentioned earlier, many MNCs are opting to do production in Mexico. By so doing, the highest percentage labor force comes from Mexico. The employees of a company more often than not dictate the direction that the company will take with regard to the local needs. This narrows down to the company assimilating the local peopleââ¬â¢s culture within its organization. For the European companies, cultural barriers may portend a potential challenge. However, the utilization of the various strategic predispositions would give them a choice on the direction to take. It is a fact that there are many European MNCs operating in Mexico. A good example is the French MNC Thomson. Looking at the expectations of the French people about doing business in their country shows t he general characteristics of the Europeans. Examples of these expectations include keeping time, a quick pressurized grip in handshake, respecting meal time and not rushing at making decisions. These may be readily acceptable to the Mexicans but it is always good to work with what is locally appreciated. The Japanese MNCs may find their values and interests to be a bit far from those of Mexicans due to vast cultural differences. The MNCs have however adopted strategies that are sensitive to the locals hence removing the potential cultural barriers. Importance of MNCs studying the organizational culture in Mexican firms For MNCs to succeed in a certain country or region, it is important for the management to understand the organizational culture of the firms. It goes without saying that the MNCââ¬â¢s that decides to invest in Mexico must get to know this culture before shifting. This has to do with how the organizations are in terms of human resource and the hierarchies involved. This would assist in placement of staff and shed light on what positions to give to the expatriates. This is a major step in getting closer to the Mexican culture and also getting accepted. The knowledge would also be an asset in setting up work related policies within the firms. One thing that is clear is the fact that there exist similarities within firms that operate in Mexico with regard to organizational culture. The situation is unique and any MNC willing to invest here should have the full knowledge of it. The way forward is to adjust the firmââ¬â¢s strategies so that they could fit the local situation. This can be done through realization that all countries are not the same. The firms would then set their subsidiaries in such a way that they accommodate the local demands. Autonomy should be given to such subsidiaries so that they could be responsive to the local values and interests.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Multinational companies in M exico specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This case study on Multinational companies in Mexico was written and submitted by user Brooklynn Barlow to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-60072535509566468742020-03-19T15:51:00.001-07:002020-03-19T15:51:02.362-07:00The Disadvantages of Socialized Healthcare essaysThe Disadvantages of Socialized Healthcare essays Socialized healthcare has emerged as a highly debated issue in the United States, attracting the attention from the media, as well as policy solution for political leaders. Both political parties are under increasing pressure to address the insurance and healthcare crises, in America. However, socialized healthcare has not been an effective or efficient solution to address these issues, in other countries, and rather has caused many healthcare systems to crumble. A portion of the challenge of rising healthcare costs is due to individuals not becoming sufficiently involved in decisions regarding their health and medical care or payment for services rendered. Instead, they simply entrust third parties, such as insurance companies, to make these decisions. Bills to fund health insurance for underprivileged children continue to be debated in Washington D.C.. There is a significant amount of support for some form of socialized medicine, a system of government controlled healthcare funded via taxation; however, there are significant downsides that must be considered before such a system can become a reality. One only has to look at the National Health Service (NHS) in Great Britain to begin to appreciate the challenges with socialized medicine. Founded in 1948, the NHS experiment quickly became more costly than anticipated. Today, one in eight patients wait more than a year for treatment (Carvel, 2007, s), prescription drugs are limited or unavailable for many, and the facilities are not up to par (Kelland, 2006, 1). Add to this government officials skimming funds and lagging research, and it quickly becomes a system no country would want to emulate. In order to cut costs in France, as is typical of government officials, their socialized healthcare program decided to buy heat-treated blood from foreign labs. Much of this substandard blood was tainted with AIDS and infected 3,000 patients. Canadians too find lengthy waits f... catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-75832451206344505472020-03-03T07:38:00.001-08:002020-03-03T07:38:02.733-08:00Advantages of Attending an All-Boys SchoolAdvantages of Attending an All-Boys School Every parent wants his child to succeed, and sometimes we need to think outside the box to find the perfect path to that success. That path may be one that requires the family to look outside of the traditional public school realm to find an ideal learning environment where a child can succeed. For some boys, a traditional classroom model can provide distractions and create unnecessary challenges as they are learning. That is why some families have chosen to enroll their sons in private all boys schools as opposed to the more traditional coed school. I can think of three advantages of a boys school which you ought to consider: 1. The Freedom to Be Himself Boys often thrive in a single sex academic setting for many reasons, ranging from academics to athletics and even social environments. With no girls to impress, boys can get on with being themselves. Conformity gives way to individuality, and boys are expected to fill all the roles on campus. There are no gender stereotypes at a single sex school, allowing the boys to feel free to explore subjects like languages and the arts without fear of ridicule. Even sexual stereotypes tend to fade into the background; youd be surprised that macho posturing can even yield to sensitive dialog. 2. Boys and Girls are NOT the Same When I attended Westmount High School back in the 1950s, single sex classes were the order of the day. Well, for most of the day. Our home rooms were segregated. Certain classes were not. We were joined by the girls for certain subjects with low enrollments like trigonometry. Orchestra and band were integrated classes, but physical education was not. I had many friends who attended boys or girls schools. Looking back I wonder what all the fuss is about. Why? Because it seems pretty obvious to me that boys and girls are quite different people. Educating boys and girls in single sex settings is not an assault on equal rights. It is an opportunity which ultimately will enhance equality by allowing boys and girls to develop their own unique characters. For example, take boys and the arts. America has traditionally been a sports dominated society. Boys are taught to be jocks from birth. Sports equate with manliness. In addition, American sports teaches boys that you must win at all costs. Boys learn that message, then go on to apply it in their adult lives, many times with disastrous results. The divide between jocks and geeks grows as children reach adolescence. A boy who wants to play the violin or be a painter runs counter to what society expects him to be doing. And I certainly can remember being called a sissy because I was a serious musician from childhood. Being artistic was considered unmanly. Then and now. If you are not a jock, you are a geek. In American coed schools jocks and geeks dont mix. You are labeled as one or the other. 3. Different Learning Styles Science has proven that each gender learns in a different manner, accelerating at different rates of learning with varying ability to process information being presented. Teachers have mastered techniques that are tailored to meet the needs of each gender, and a single sex school allows for those techniques to be used to their fullest potential.à 4. More than just an opportunity, but an expectation to try new things A single sex school allows boys to explore subjects and activities that they may never have considered at a coed school. Boys are expected to fill all the roles within the school, from class officers and student leaders to actors and artists, there is no room for gender stereotypes in an all boys school. One area that some boys may feel hesitant to explore includes the arts. Visual art, drama and music are instead made available to students, without fear of judgement from their peers. A boys school develops a boys uniqueness and his individuality. Teachers in a boys school can teach effectively in ways which reach boys and appeal to their learning style. Visit a boys school. Talk to graduates and current students. Find out more about the advantages of attending a boys school. Its a terrific choice for many young men. Resources Boys In SchoolBoys SchoolsNASSPE(National Association of Single Sex Public Education)Where The Boys AreWhy an All Boys School? catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-64478607200481474522020-02-15T23:04:00.001-08:002020-02-15T23:04:02.652-08:00What motivated people to use recreational drugs in the 1960 EssayWhat motivated people to use recreational drugs in the 1960 - Essay Example The 1960s is known by many as the period when the youth rebelled against the government and strived to attain harmony, love, and peace (Iversen 210). The 1960s was also a period when numerous young people experimented with different kinds of drugs. This essay tries to answer this research question: what motivated people to use recreational drugs in the 1960s? Recreational drug is defined as any substance ââ¬Å"taken on an occasional basis for enjoyment, especially when socializingâ⬠(Earleywine 54). Recreational drugs include a broad array of hallucinogenic and narcotic substances. The term also includes heroin, cocaine, phencyclidine (PCP), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), amphetamines, barbiturates, alcohol, and caffeine. The use of recreational drugs by the youth was strongly associated with the rebellion and dissent experienced by the people of the 1960s (Iversen 210): The most profound example of the ability of marijuana to raise mass social consciousness occurred during the Vi etnam War era, on both the home front and the battle front.... Drug rehabilitation centers were established in the 1960s to provide assistance to drug addicts and to control the supply of recreational drugs. The Use of Recreational Drugs in the 1960s Two hallucinogenic drugs were at the core of the 1960sââ¬â¢ counterculture movement: LSD and cannabis. Cannabis is a plant grown in the American colonies for its fiber. Several Indian communities used the plantââ¬â¢s dried leaves with tobacco as a pain reliever (Conlin 940). Cannabis became a recreational drug due to two occurrences. First, a momentary fad for anything Turkish resulted in the establishment of hashish pubs, where people experienced the joy of ecstasy. Almost simultaneously, New Mexico and Texas inhabitants saw Mexicans using cannabis for its mind-altering effects. The use of cannabis as a recreational drug reached New Orleans, where clients of the cityââ¬â¢s posh bordellos learned it from African-American singers who were at the time engaged in creating jazz. White singers, fascinated to jazz, began to use the terms ââ¬Ëpotââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëweedââ¬â¢ during the 1920s. Among the white people, using marijuana stayed practically a tradition for musicians until beatniksââ¬âthe Beat generation of the 1960sââ¬âlearned about it from the jazz clubs they visited (Conlin 940). The 1960sââ¬â¢ hippies learned marijuana use from the beatniks and began spreading the word about the hallucinogenic benefits of the drug. LSD has a shorter history. It was produced by Albert Hoffman in 1938, who was trying to create a new drug for headache. Hoffman described his experience with using LSD as ââ¬Å"a kind of drunkenness which was not unpleasant and which was characterized by extreme activity of imaginationâ⬠¦ an uninterrupted catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-3097040168560900822020-02-02T13:51:00.001-08:002020-02-02T13:51:02.592-08:00Systems Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsSystems Development - Essay Example Different steps get used in order to achieve a successful system conversion and most crucial to give it a reasonable approach in trying to achieve the best out of it (Bernard, 2004). The first step in this is the planning, and this is the understanding of the whole system and its organization. This follows the analysis, and this is the identifying and predicting any potential problems that may rise, in the future in the system. The third phase is the design, and this determine show the system operates and the user interface involved. Also, known as the system environment, and it mostly deals with the internal structures of the system (Gautier, 2005). The last phase and the most crucial are the implementation phase which is time consuming of all. This stage includes activities like the user training and system maintenance. The best example in this is the plunge where it gets applied in the school. In this system, different phases used to combine information from different sources. Data can be sent to different members of the staff all at once by use of the data-centered approach. Programs can be edited before they get sent to the workers (Lorain, 2008). For example in my school, the SDLC used to analyze the fee statement for the students by grouping the data into one sheet. On the other hand, the data can be manipulated and shared by use of different user interfaces. The other example is the parallel method that makes use of the adaptive approach technique. In the initial stages, the data get tabulated after which the information get extracted from the raw data. This is possible by use of the object-oriented approach (OOA) which helps in maintaining accuracy in the data manipulation. The parallel method has extensively been used in my school, in the learning process the students can easily access the notes from the teacher through some codes installed already in the computer systems (Lorain, 2008). In catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-25353144907956235722020-01-25T10:14:00.001-08:002020-01-25T10:14:03.181-08:00Significance Of The Sermon Of The Mount Religion EssaySignificance Of The Sermon Of The Mount Religion Essay In this essay, I am going to explain the significance of the Sermon of the Mount and how it relates to the rest of the teachings of Jesus. I will start by defining the meaning of the term Sermon of the Mount, the significance of the sermon of the mount and the structure of the Sermon of the Mount in Matthew 5:3 7; 27. Furthermore, I will discuss the key theological themes in the Sermon of the Mount. I will conclude by reflecting on the centrality of the Sermon of the Mount to the other teachings of Jesus in the gospels. WHAT IS THE SERMON OF THE MOUNT? The term The Sermon of the Mount originated from the title of Augustines commentary on Matthew 5 7, De Sermone Domini in Monte, which was published in 391 396 AD. Matthew 5 7 became well known as the Sermon on the Mount in the 16th Century. The modern term of Matthew 5 7 is Sermon on the plain. This term is used mainly to differentiate between Lukes shorter version of the sermon of the mount from Matthews version. There are two versions of the Sermon on the Mount: Matthews version Matthew 5: 3 7:27 which consists of 106 verses. Lukes version Sermon on the plain Luke 6:20-49.à [1]à THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT ETHICAL TEACHING The gospel of Matthew provided the Jewish Christians with evidences to ascertain their faith in Jesus as the Messiah. Jesus in the gospel of Matthew introduced the kingdom of heaven. Hence, the sermon of the mount is of great significance because it expounds the ethics of the Kingdom of heaven which was introduced by Christ Jesus. Therefore, the sermon of the mount summarised the code of conduct in this new kingdom of heaven. Furthermore, the sermon of the mount set the standards of discipleship in the kingdom of heaven. In this sermon, Jesus showed his disciples how to live the life of the kingdom. This kingdom way of living lays great emphasis on the inner life which is in contrast to the outward workings of religious activities of the Sadducees and the Pharisees.à [2]à In addition, Jesus stated that, the ethical conduct of the disciples must exceed that of the scribes and the Pharisees before they can enter the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 5:20). Henceforth, the disciples of Jes us are called to a superior ethical conduct which is by the Grace of God. This ideal character of Discipleship in the kingdom of heaven is achievable by the infusion of the gift of righteousness in the spirit of the New Testament believer. THE STRUCTURE OF THE SERMON OF THE MOUNT The Beatitudes forms the main introduction of the sermon of the mount. The central section of the sermon is from Matthew 5:17 to Matthew 7:12. This section opens and closes with Reference to The Law and The Prophets. The sermon ends by an epilog in Matthew 7:13 27.à [3]à THE KEY THEOLOGICAL THEMES OF THE SERMON OF THE MOUNT 1) The Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3 12) The Beatitudes are named from the Latin word Beatus meaning blessed. These are the rewards from the blessings and responsibilities of discipleship. The Greek term means happy, fortunateà [4]à . In Matthew, there are nine beatitudes and four in Lukes version of the Sermon on the Mount. The word Makarios is at the beginning of the beatitudes. It means happiness which is as a result of God given salvationà [5]à . Jesus revealed in the beatitudes, the essential nature of true happiness. This happiness is achieved by relying and depending wholly on God.à [6]à Andrew Perriman points out that the beatitude described a marginalized group within Israel that will benefit from future turn of events. His view established the eschatological dimension of the rewards of true discipleship in the kingdom of heavenà [7]à Matthew 5:14 states You are the light of the world. A city that is set a hill can not be hidden. In John 8:12, Jesus said I am the light of the world, he that follows me shall not walk in darkness but shall have the light of life This teaching in the Sermon of The mount has a direct comparison with Jesus teaching in the gospel of John. Jesus expects His disciples to shine in the midst of the darkness of this world. Hence, as Jesus is the light, the disciples will eventually become the light of the world. 2) The Law and the Prophets (Matthew 5: 17 20) The new ethical standards put forward by Christ deals with the motives behind the actions of men. In accordance with Christs Standard, sin begins in the mind and in the will of menà [8]à In addition, Jesus said he has come to fulfil the Law and the Prophets. His ethical instructions reveal how the Law of the Torah will operate under the kingdom of heaven. Therefore, the Law and the Prophets are fulfilled in the inner life of motives behind the actions of men. The kingdom of heaven is within the heart of the New Testament believer. This kingdom is expected to produce corresponding actions that reflects the inner life of peace and joy in the Holy Ghost. 3) The Antitheses (Matthew 5: 21 48) The structure of the sayings of Jesus within Matthew 5: 21 48, have the same pattern: You have heard that it was said (by God) to those of old à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ but I say to youà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ The style of Jesus words repeats itself in six paragraphs. Three of the six paragraphs have similar parallels with Lukes Sermon on the Plain. The phrase but I say to you seems to suggest that the sayings of Jesus is in opposition to the scripture of the Torah. Therefore, Matthew 5 : 21 48 is often referred to as the Antitheses. Matthew is known for the antithetical structure of his writings. However, this antithetical style of writing can also be found in Luke 6: 27 But I say to you who hear à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦. According to Davies and Allison, the antithesis has two primary functions: It shows the kind of attitude and behaviour that is required by Jesus in the life of His disciples. The demands of the ethical standards of Jesus surpassed those of the Torah without contradicting the Torah. For example, one can abstain from committing adultery and still lusts in his heartà [9]à 4) The Golden Rule and the Greatest commandment (Matthew 7:12, Luke 10:25 28, Matthew 22: 34 40). Whatever you wish that others do to you, do so to them. This statement has been known as the Golden Rule since the 18th century. There are various parallels to this statement in Greco Romans, oriental and Jewish writings. The Golden Rule in Matthew 7: 12 according to Jesus is Law and The Prophets. That is, it sums up the whole essence of the Law and The Prophets in the Torah. The teaching of Jesus on the two greatest commandments in Mark 12: 28-34 love God and love your neighbour as yourself. In Matthew 22:40, Jesus said on this two commandments hang all the Law and The Prophets. The Golden rule and the love commandments are the very essence of the scriptural teachings of Jesus. Furthermore, the Golden Rule in the sermon of the mount is the bedrock of all the teachings of Jesus as it is revealed in the gospel account of Luke, Mark, and John. In summary, the Golden rule in the sermon of the Mount has direct relationship to the major teachings of Christ in the gospels.à [10]à THE EPILOG: TWO WAYS The Epilog of the Sermon Of the Mount contains a series of contrasts. It starts with the contrast between the gate and the way which leads to death or life. There are other examples of contrast between two ways in Deuteronomy 11:26, 30:15, Jeremiah 21:8 and many Jewish and Christian writings. The Epilog summarizes the picture of the beauty in the life of anyone who makes the right decision in life.à [11]à CONCLUSION In this essay, I have attempted to show the significance of the Sermon Of the Mount and its relationship with the other teaching of Christ in the gospels. I approach this essay by exploring the theological themes in the Sermon on the Mount. The Golden Rule in the Sermon on the Mount is the foundation of the Law and the Prophets. This rule parallels with the two greatest commandments, which is Love the Lord your God with all your heart and love your neighbour as yourself. In conclusion, the Sermon on the Mount summarizes the totality of the ethical teachings of Christ in the gospel. catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-20085504313794096572020-01-17T06:37:00.001-08:002020-01-17T06:37:03.702-08:00Auditing StagesThe aim of this discussion is to explain how an auditor goes about the process of auditing financial statements and presents the five basic stages that the auditor performed during the financial statement audit at Maryward Primary School in Kwekwe for the year ending 31 December 2012. In order to be in a position to fulfil auditing responsibility to report on the clientââ¬â¢s annual financial statements, the auditor followed a series of procedures and activities as required by the auditing profession.The auditor applied the following audit stages: pre-engagement activities, planning, test of controls, substantive procedures, completion and reporting. Puttick et al (2012:102) defines an audit according to Section 1 of APA as â⬠¦the examination of, in accordance with prescribed or applicable auditing standards: a) financial statements with the objective of expressing an opinion as to their fairness or compliance with the identified financial reporting framework and any statutory requirements.Pre-engagement activities There are five pre-engagement activities and considerations. The auditor at this stage performed a new client investigation in order to accept the new appointment as a way of managing conflicts and threats to the auditor. Assessments of any threats to the independence of the auditor was done as an audit engagement should not be accepted where the auditorââ¬Ës independence is compromised.The other assessment done was the business risk faced in order to avoid the risk of association with a client whose integrity is questionable and particularly where motivation exists to misstate disclosures in financial information or indulge in illegal business and fraudulent reporting practices as it likely to render the auditorââ¬â¢s business risk unacceptable. The factors considered during the investigation included business reputation of Maryward Primary School. An assessment of the complication of the audit assignment and the estimated time, require d to finish the work was done.An engagement letter was prepared to provide the clearest record of the terms of the engagement. ISA 210 provides the contents of an engagement letter to be sent to the client to help prevent misunderstandings with respect to the engagement. Also, SAS 140 requires that an auditor should agree with the client the terms of the engagement to be undertaken and the terms should be written therefore the letter of engagement will be required whenever a new auditor appointment is accepted.The main constituent features of a typical letter of engagement are: responsibility of directors and auditors, the scope of the audit, other services, fees, Applicable law (Zimbabwe) and agreement of terms. The auditor accepted the engagement for the audit of the financial statements after the conclusion that the reporting framework was acceptable. There was an agreement between the auditor and Maryward Primary School, both parties agreed to meet when changes arise and when th e auditor considers the appropriateness of the matter to do so.In preparation for the audit, the auditor had a tour to Maryward Primary School after the opening meeting with the client. Russell (2012:69) states that ââ¬Å"a tour of the area to be audited is permissible and often times highly desirable. An auditor may tour this area as part of a pre-audit visit to review documents before or after the opening meeting. â⬠Travel plans were made and a team of three people was identified and sent to the audit area. PlanningAccording to Puttick et al (2012) the auditor first considers materiality at the planning stage of the audit. The auditor made a judgement of materiality in order to plan the audit in such a way that sufficient evidence is gathered to draw up a conclusion. Planning materiality was based on the end of year financial statements and budgets. According to Millichamp (2002) materiality is material if its omission/misstatement could influence the economic decisions tak en on the basis of the financial statements.The auditor also considered inherent risk as it has a direct impact on the nature, timing and extent of procedures the auditor plans to perform to gather sufficient appropriate audit evidence in response to the assessed risk of material misstatement. ââ¬Å"Inherent riskâ⬠as per ISA 400 is ââ¬Å" the susceptibility of an account balance or class of transactions to misstatements that could be material, individually or when aggregated with misstatements in other balances or classes, assuming that there are no related internal controlsâ⬠.The auditor assessed audit risk and inherent risk as it is an essential part of audit planning to help in determining the quality and quantity of evidence gathered and the staff that needed to be assigned to the particular audit. The auditor also obtained an understanding of the business and its environment in order to assess the risk of material misstatement. ISA 310 requires a reasonable underst anding of the clientââ¬â¢s business and industry. The nature of the clientââ¬â¢s business and industry affects the client business risk and the risk of material misstatements in the financial statements.The auditor used the knowledge of these risks to determine the appropriate amount of audit evidence gathered. The auditor through experience is aware of the exposure to problems resulting from the auditorââ¬â¢s failure to understand comprehensively the nature of transactions in the clientââ¬â¢s business. The understanding helped the auditor to evaluate the design and implementation of specific controls that could stop or discover and rectify material misstatements at the assertions level. Control risk is the probability that the clientââ¬â¢s internal control system will fail to notice material misstatements.Audit risk is the risk that the auditor will unknowingly express inappropriate opinion on the financial statements. Inherent and control risk are the businessââ¬â ¢s risks that exist independently of the audit of financial statements, whereas detection risk is a function of the effectiveness of an audit procedure and its application by the auditor. Puttick et al (2012) quotes the ISA 200 definition of detection risk: ââ¬Å"detection risk is the risk that the auditor will not detect a misstatement that exists in an assertion that could be material, individually or when aggregated with misstatementsâ⬠.The auditor inquired into the detailed working papers, inspected legal documents and minutes of meetings of the accounting system and its related controls from the management and personnel of the client. A description of the system was recorded and confirmed that the record is an accurate description of the system and a preliminary evaluation of the internal controls was made. Audit planning involves developing an overall strategy for performing the audit.ISA 300 ââ¬Å"audit strategyâ⬠describes in simple terms how audit is to be carr ied out and the ââ¬Å"audit planâ⬠details the exact procedures to be carried out to implement the strategy and complete the audit. During planning the auditor established an understanding with the client as to the nature of services to be provided and the responsibilities of each party through the engagement letter. The auditor developed an overall audit strategy, an audit plan and audit program and documented in the working papers each significant business cycle that is, revenue, expenditure, fixed assets, payroll and accounting.Planning continued throughout the entire audit as the auditor accumulated sufficient appropriate audit evidence to support the audit opinion. Performing tests of control and Substantive procedures One of the most important of all the audit stages is the process of testing the internal controls. The aim of tests controls is to obtain evidence that controls on which audit reliance is intended, worked out throughout the period of the financial year unde r audit. The tests of controls indicated that internal controls are operating effectively; the planned audit approach was not to be changed.These processes and procedures were used to ensure that proper approvals are in place before payment is made or transactions entered in the system. The auditor used the primary method of internal control testing to randomly select transactions and checked the source documentation. The random selection from a representative sample revealed that controls are strong, so there was no point for increasing the sample size. A substantive procedure is the actual process of collecting physical evidence of transactions and verifying the value posted to a specific account is supported by actual documents.This aspect of the audit is the most time consuming and is very detailed work. Gray (2008) propounds that at this stage conclusion made by the auditor must be supported by in each case by carefully evaluated evidence that the transactions are completely an d accurately recorded. As auditors cannot rely completely on management assertion of completeness, the search for unrecorded expenses and liabilities was designed to yield audit evidence of liabilities that were not recorded in the reporting period. A material error or fraud in the inventory has a pervasive effect on the financial statement.Auditing standards requires that the auditor should observe the inventory taking and make test control. Physical inventory at year end was counted when the auditor was present to observe and perform the dual direction testing to gather evidence for the existence and completeness assertions. This involved the performance of substantive procedures the nature, timing and extent of which responded appropriately to the assessed risk of misstatement at the assertions level to achieve a level of detection risk that will result in an acceptable level of audit risk relating to assertions within financial statements.Evaluating and concluding The final stag e of auditing process involves evaluating and drawing conclusions on the fair presentation of the financial information and the drafting of the audit report. During this stage the auditor considers the sufficiency of the evidence gathered in support of financial statement assertions. Assertions are the representations of management that are represented in financial statements, for, example, that fixed assets reflected in financial statements exist and are owned by the entity and are fairly valued.ISA 500R: identifies assertions under three categories namely: assertions about classes of transactions and events for the period under audit, assertions about account balances at the period end and assertions about presentation and disclosure. The auditor decided on the fair presentation of assertions and evaluated the differences between amounts included in the financial information and amounts supported by audit evidence.The audit differences represent uncorrected material misstatements in the financial statements. The auditor evaluated the effect of uncorrected material misstatements on the audit and the effect of uncorrected misstatements on the financial statements and tested whether the financial statements as a whole are free of material misstatement. The auditor evaluated the effect of such misstatements on audit opinion. For this purpose, the auditor established a final estimate of materiality.After consideration of all evidence, the auditor concluded that financial statements were not significantly materially misstated and management was not requested to make appropriate adjustments. The completion stage of the audit is the final stage during which the engagement team and partner responsible for the audit perform finishing procedures, evaluate the sufficiency and appropriateness of audit evidence gathered during the audit and findings in respect of significant risks identified, including fraud risk, in order to form the audit opinion on financial statements .During completion procedures, the auditor reviewed the financial statements on an overall basis performing a final analytical review on period end financial information. The reading of supplementary and other relevant information and resolution of the impact of any significant matters arising were considered. Update inquiries on specific aspects for example, fraud, laws, regulations and evaluation of the results of audit procedures for all significant findings. Written representations from management acknowledging its esponsibility for the design and implementation of internal controls to prevent and detect error were obtained. Reporting The last stage of the audit is finalization. This is the creation of a report to management that summarizes all the procedures used to conduct the audit, the result of the various processes, and supporting documentation. Gray (2008) states that ââ¬Å"at this stage the auditor summarizes evidence on systems and other aspects seen to be of interest to management and sends a formal report of comments and recommendationsâ⬠.After completion of fieldwork and analysis the auditor presented the first draft of findings and recommendations to the client during the exit meeting. Paragraphs 27, 32, and 35b of ISA 700 indicate that the description in the auditorââ¬â¢s report can refer either to the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements or the preparation of financial statements that give a true and fair view.True in the sense that the auditorââ¬â¢s information given was factual and conforms to reality and not false, in addition the information conforms to the required standards and law and that the accounts of Maryward Primary School had been correctly extracted from the books and records. Fair in the sense that information given is free from discrimination and bias and in compliance with the expected standards and rules and that the accounts of the client reflect the substance of the businessââ¬â¢s underlying transactions. catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-52046722294472149672020-01-09T02:59:00.001-08:002020-01-09T02:59:03.903-08:00Machiavelli And Castiglione Essay - 937 Words The humanist movement brought about the inspiration of both Niccolà ² Machiavelli and Baldassare Castiglione during the Italian Renaissance of the fifteenth century. Machiavelli and Castiglione shared their beliefs about society in their published writings. The most notorious of Machiavelliââ¬â¢s works was The Prince, a take on the political structure and successes of western civilization. Castiglioneââ¬â¢s most known publication, The Courtier, was heavily influenced by the works of Plato and Cicero and contributed heavy sections of dialogue. The writings of these two writers was truly visionary for the time and expressed the various opinions on how a specific faction of people should behave during the time. Machiavelli himself was a believer thatâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Putin enjoys going against the grain and fits Machiavelliââ¬â¢s words as someone who ââ¬Å"must by as sly as the fox and as brutal as a lion.â⬠Putin is never afraid to strike down groups with f orce, but his reputation in Syria is one of vicious swiftness. What makes Putin even more of a Machiavelli Leader is his ability to fly under the international radar, usually including the United Nations, with his motives. Another quality that Putin possesses is his manner of striving to be feared rather than revered by his people. For example, in his time in office, Vladimir Putin has struck fear into the hearts of countless Russians; with the ban of homosexuality. Not only is Putin feared by his people but he also has approval ratings of nearly eighty percent in the most recent years. This fits Machiavelliââ¬â¢s words in The Prince, ââ¬Å"the wise prince makes himself feared in such a way that, if he does not gain love, he escapes hatred.â⬠This in totality, makes Putin the ideal Machiavelli Leader because of his ability to properly blend fear and the ability to not be hated. While Machiavelliââ¬â¢s work focuses on the ideal qualities of a leader, Castiglioneââ¬â¢s most important work, The Courtier, highlights his ideal version of a Renaissance woman. Castiglione describes a woman who is elegant, educated, and pleasing. With this he believes a women of the court should be of modestShow MoreRelatedMachiavelli vs. Castiglione Essay1533 Words à |à 7 PagesIdeas on the same topic always seem to differ from person to person. This holds true to the ideas of Machiavelli and Castiglione. The Prince, written by Machiavelli, and The Courtier, written by Castiglione, are both somewhat how-to guides for nobility, royalty, and princes. However, there are many distinct differences among the ideas of Castiglione and Machiavelli. Castigliones philosophy leads down the path of a well-rounded person; a more peaceful manner. Machiavellis philosophy is more straightforwardRead More Don Quixote Essay about created reality529 Words à |à 3 Pages Othello Essay The novel Don Quixote, by Miguel Cervantes, is an exploration into the idea of created reality. Cervantes, through the character of Don Quixote, illustrates to readers how we as human beings often make reality to be whatever we want it to be. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Don Quixote is a perfect example of ââ¬Å"created reality.â⬠The character Don Quixote is real, and he lives in a real world, but everything that he sees is exaggerated in his mind. It all begins with his name. Don QuixoteRead MoreHumanism: Renaissance and Merchant Class1743 Words à |à 7 PagesEssay on Humanism The Renaissance is the label we put upon the emergence of a new perspective and set of ideals in Europe. This does not mean that it was sudden, neat and clean. It was gradual, inconsistent, and variable from place to place. The Renaissance had its origins in Italy because a powerful merchant class arose in its cities that replaced the landed aristocracy and clergy as the leaders of society. This new class, along with many aristocrats and clergy, embraced humanistRead More Humanism Essay example1241 Words à |à 5 Pagesof the time were rhetoricians.à They held discussions in the same style used in the ancient Platonian academy.à They also sought more effective and eloquent methods of communication, both oral and written. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola wrote an essay entitled Oration on the Dignity of Man, in which he said that the reason for mans dignity is that he was created in Gods image.à He said that mans place in the universe is between the beasts and the angels, but because of his divine image, he canRead MoreEssay about Renaissance Figures2969 Words à |à 12 Pagesto stop preaching, Savonarola was finally executed as a false prophet. ? Baldassare Castiglione, who lived from 1478--1529, was an Italian author and statesman. His Book of the Courtier (1528), a treatise on etiquette, social problems, and intellectual accomplishments, contributed to a Renaissance ideal of aristocracy embodied in the life of Sir Philip Sidney. The son of a noble family, Castiglione was educated at the humanist school of Giorgio Merula and Demetrius Chalcondyles, and catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-8426818206857648932019-12-31T23:25:00.001-08:002019-12-31T23:25:02.944-08:00Should We Celebrate Thanksgiving and the Pilgrims Thanksgiving has become synonymous with family, food, and football. But this uniquely American holiday is not without controversy. While schoolchildren still learn that Thanksgiving marks the day that Pilgrims met helpful Indians who gave them food and farming tips to survive the winter, a group called the United American Indians of New England established Thanksgiving as its National Day of Mourning in 1970. The fact that UAINE mourns on this day poses a question to socially conscious Americans: Should Thanksgiving be celebrated? Some Natives Celebrate The decision to celebrate Thanksgiving divides Native Americans. Jacqueline Keeler wrote a widely circulated editorial about why she, a member of the Dineh Nation and Yankton Dakota Sioux, celebrates the holiday. For one, Keeler views herself as ââ¬Å"a very select group of survivors.â⬠The fact that natives managed to survive mass murder, forced relocation, theft of land, and other injustices ââ¬Å"with our ability to share and to give intactâ⬠gives Keeler hope that healing is possible. In her essay, Keeler takes issue with how one-dimensionally natives are portrayed in commercialized Thanksgiving celebrations. The Thanksgiving she recognizes is a revisionist one: These were not merely ââ¬Ëfriendly Indians.ââ¬â¢ They had already experienced European slave traders raiding their villages for a hundred years or so, and they were waryââ¬âbut it was their way to give freely to those who had nothing. Among many of our peoples, showing that you can give without holding back is the way to earn respect. Award-winning author Sherman Alexie, Jr., who is Spokane and Coeur dââ¬â¢Alene, also celebrates Thanksgiving by recognizing the contributions the Wampanoag people made to the Pilgrims. Asked in a Sadie Magazine interview if he celebrates the holiday, Alexie humorously answered: We live up to the spirit of Thanksgiving cuz we invite all of our most desperately lonely white [friends] to come eat with us. We always end up with the recently broken up, the recently divorced, the brokenhearted. From the very beginning, Indians have been taking care of brokenhearted white people.We just extend that tradition. Problematic Historical Accounts If weââ¬â¢re to follow Keelers and Alexieââ¬â¢s lead, Thanksgiving should be celebrated by highlighting the contributions of the Wampanoag. All too often Thanksgiving is celebrated from a Eurocentric point of view. Tavares Avant, former president of the Wampanoag tribal council, cited this as an annoyance about the holiday during an ABC interview: ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s all glorified that we were the friendly Indians and thatââ¬â¢s where it ends. I do not like that. It kind of disturbs me that we... celebrate Thanksgivingâ⬠¦ based on conquest.â⬠Schoolchildren are particularly vulnerable to being taught to celebrate the holiday in this manner. Some schools, however, are teaching revisionist Thanksgiving lessons. Teachers and parents can influence the way children think about Thanksgiving. Celebrating in School An anti-racist organization called Understanding Prejudice recommends that schools send letters home to parents addressing efforts to teach children about Thanksgiving in a manner that neither demeans nor stereotypes Native Americans. Such lessons could include discussions about why not all families celebrate Thanksgiving and why the representation of Native Americans on Thanksgiving cards and decorations has hurt indigenous peoples. The organizationââ¬â¢s goal is to give students accurate information about Native Americans of the past and present while dismantling stereotypes that could lead children to develop racist attitudes. ââ¬Å"Furthermore,â⬠the organization states, ââ¬Å"we want to make sure students understand that being an Indian is not a role, but part of a personââ¬â¢s identity.â⬠Understanding Prejudice advises parents to deconstruct stereotypes their children have about Native Americans by gauging what they already believe about indigenous peoples. Simple questions such as ââ¬Å"What do you know about Native Americans?â⬠and ââ¬Å"Where do Native Americans live today?â⬠can reveal a lot. Parents should be prepared to give children information about the questions raised by using Internet resources such as U.S. Census Bureau data on Native Americans or by reading literature about Native Americans. The fact that National American Indian Month and Alaskan Native Month are recognized in November means that information about indigenous peoples is plentiful around Thanksgiving. Some Natives Donââ¬â¢t Celebrate The National Day of Mourning kicked off unintentionally in 1970. That year a banquet was held by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the Pilgrimsââ¬â¢ arrival. The organizers invited Frank James, a Wampanoag man, to speak at the banquet. Upon reviewing Jamesââ¬â¢ speechââ¬âwhich mentioned European settlers looting the graves of the Wampanoag, taking their wheat and bean supplies, and selling them as slavesââ¬âbanquet organizers gave him another speech to read that left out the gritty details of the first Thanksgiving, according to UAINE. Rather than deliver a speech that left out the facts, James and his supporters gathered at Plymouth, where they observed the first National Day of Mourning. Since then, UAINE has returned to Plymouth each Thanksgiving to protest how the holiday has been mythologized. Giving Thanks Year-Round In addition to disliking misinformation on the Thanksgiving holiday that has spread about natives and Pilgrims, some indigenous peoples donââ¬â¢t recognize it because they give thanks year-round. During Thanksgiving 2008, Bobbi Webster of the Oneida Nation told the Wisconsin State Journal that the Oneida have 13 ceremonies of thanksgiving throughout the year. Anne Thundercloud of the Ho-Chunk Nation told the Journal that her people also give thanks continually, so a single day of the year for thanksgiving clashes with Ho-Chunk tradition. ââ¬Å"Weââ¬â¢re a very spiritual people who are always giving thanks,â⬠she explained. ââ¬Å"The concept of setting aside one day for giving thanks doesnââ¬â¢t fit. We think of every day as Thanksgiving.â⬠Thundercloud and her family have incorporated the fourth Thursday of November into the other holidays observed by the Ho-Chunk, the Journal reports. They extend Thanksgiving observance until Friday when they celebrate Ho-Chunk Day, a large gathering for their community. Celebrate Inclusively If you celebrate Thanksgiving this year, ask yourself just what youââ¬â¢re celebrating. Whether you choose to rejoice or mourn on Thanksgiving, initiate discussions about the holidayââ¬â¢s origins by focusing not just on the Pilgrimsââ¬â¢ point of view but also on what the day meant for the Wampanoag and what it continues to signify for American Indians today. catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-84209695002447753062019-12-23T19:09:00.001-08:002019-12-23T19:09:03.788-08:00The Katrina And 9 / 11 - 1160 Words There have been many comparisons in the images of the suffering and despair that came from Hurricane Katrina in comparison to the images of grief and destruction that occurred on September 11, 2001. Both Hurricane Katrina and 9/11 were national catastrophes and have given many lessons learned for natural and man-made/terrorism disasters in the way of preparations, during actions, responses from Federal down to local authorities, and recovery efforts. And in both cases, the government has reevaluated its reactions and its structure for preparing for and responding to extreme events. Usually disaster response was traditionally ran by State and local governments with the Federal government performing in a support role, but after such events as 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, the application of the principles to the threats need to be better tailored to meet the demands of todayââ¬â¢s society and needs. In other words, the federal government needs to continue to build upon the foundation of disaster relief and prepare for a more significant role in the response to a cataclysmic event. Federal Government responded to 9/11 by the almost immediate creation of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorist (USA PATRIOT) Act of 2001, which authorized ââ¬Å"sneak and peakâ⬠searches of homes and businesses ââ¬â the act applied mostly to drug cases rather than terrorists, but the government also made other changes to some of theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Presidential Leadership During Times Of Crisis And Disaster1645 Words à |à 7 Pagesthat disaster is depended on the presidentââ¬â¢s leadership capabilities. 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina were catalysts for the analysis of presidential leadership and management within the Bush Administration. This analysis brought about great criticism and failures of the United States governments sluggish response to act during a time of crisis. There are federal government policies in places for events like 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina. To gain a clear understanding of presidential leadership, one must analyzeRead MoreIntroduction The general topic for this literature review will be an examination of the Department1600 Words à |à 7 Pagessubsections of Homeland Security which will be reviewed. For purposes of defining a time period none of the literature reviewed will be prior to September 11, 2001. The reasoning for this being to examine Homeland Defense using literature pertaining to 9/11 and the Boston Marathon Bombing, and Civil Support using literature pertaining to Hurricane Katrina. The trend for this literature review topic is to discuss the benefits and shortcomings of the Department of Defense and National Guard in regards toRead MoreThe American Red Cross Is A Humanitarian Based Organization Created By Clara Barton1566 Words à |à 7 Pagespublic health education. Up to date, the organization has currently 650 chapters and 36 blood drives across the United States ready to deliver assistance to any citizen in need. The Red Cross and the aftermath of 9/11 The striking of the twin towers left New York City in a chaotic scene with the remains of buildings, bodies and panic stricken people running throughout the city. These is where organizations like the Red Cross come in and serve the people and withRead MoreThe Storm Of The Hurricane Katrina1193 Words à |à 5 Pages2005 the Hurricane Katrina had stuck. ââ¬Å"When the storm made landfall, it had a Category 3 rating on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scaleââ¬âit brought sustained winds of 100ââ¬â140 miles per hourââ¬âand stretched some 400 miles across.â⬠(Hurricane Katrina.â⬠) Katrina had destroyed the state, Louisianan is located below the city level. A known target to be floored by the Gulf Coast. ââ¬Å"Local, state and federal -- was unprepared, uncoordinated and overwhelmed in dealing with the Hurricane Katrina disaster that devastatedRead MoreEffects Of Hurricane Katrina On Impoverished New Orleans Essay1738 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Effects of Hurricane Kat rina on Impoverished New Orleans Brianna Algazali Sociology 2410 December 16, 2016 Abstract Hurricane Katrina will forever be noted in United States history as one of the worst natural disasters to hit the states. Within its wake, Hurricane Katrina left thousands of Americans dead and many more homeless with no place to call home. A vast majority of the homeless were already living in poverty in New Orleans, where Hurricane Katrina hit the hardest. People thatRead MoreDisaster Management Of The Hurricane Katrina Essay1596 Words à |à 7 Pagespost we will discuss Hurricane Katrina, preparedness and Emergency management before and after the disaster. Hurricane Katrina before and after landfall in New Orleans Leaders tend to hide information from citizens, state, and federal organization always state that it is for their own good or that they withhold information because they did not wish to create panic and wanted to lessen the impact it could have on the citizens. Thereby, even before hurricane Katrina, New Orleans governor was awareRead MoreDisaster Management : Disasters And Disasters1565 Words à |à 7 Pageswe will confer Hurricane Katrina, preparedness and Emergency management before and after the disaster. The danger of Hurricane Katrina before and after landfall in New Orleans Leaders tend to hide information from citizens, state, and federal organization always state that it is for their own good or that they withhold information because they did not wish to create panic or avoid and lessen the impact it could have on the citizens. Thereby, even before hurricane Katrina, New Orleans governor wasRead MoreEssay Weaknesses in America1290 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe planes crashing into the World Trade Center, one question came to most peoples minds: Are we safe in the country we call home? The days went by and no one ever forgot those horrible pictures of 9/11 until a different, but just as devastating, event occurred; her name was Katrina. Hurricane Katrina ravished through New Orleans and Mississippi, leaving hundreds dead, millions without homes, and the whole city of New Orleans under water. These two catastrophes left all of America wondering, whereRead MoreUnited States Government Response to Hurricane Katrina: Where Does the Blame Belong?1645 Words à |à 7 Pagesinterfere with decisions.â⬠Many accuse the United Statesââ¬â¢ national government of minimal and slow actions taken after the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina, while others share the blame of this response. Local, state, and national government response will be discussed, focusing on the governmentââ¬â¢s interaction after the strike of Hurricane Katrina. Katrina hit New Orleans, Louisiana on August 29th, 2005, but the failure of the local government started before this day ââ¬Å"by allowing building and growingRead MoreEthical Issues Within the American Red Cross Essay760 Words à |à 4 Pagesdisaster relief, but to receive a phone call asking ââ¬Å"Where is the Red Cross?â⬠from the Pentagon to activate the specialized teams in response to 9/11 left scars on the ARCs permanent record that are hard to overcome (Ferrell, Fraedrich, amp; Ferrell pg 330). On top that, four years later criticism over the massive failures of communication in Hurricaneââ¬â¢s Katrina and Rita created additional wounds to the ARCââ¬â¢s reputation. Each instance further degraded the ARCââ¬â¢s ethical reputation to Americanââ¬â¢s as the catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-69830945032127650192019-12-15T15:39:00.001-08:002019-12-15T15:39:04.753-08:00Commercialising from the bottom up Onions in central Tanzania Free Essays Key points: â⬠¢ With minimal assistance and direction, small farmers in central Tanzania have created thriving plots of irrigated onions, marketed in Dar, other parts of Tanzania and in the region. â⬠¢ Lack of formal credit has not prevented many farmers fertilising their crops heavily. Two villages have been able to overcome poor road access. We will write a custom essay sample on Commercialising from the bottom up: Onions in central Tanzania or any similar topic only for you Order Now â⬠¢ Informal marketing work well enough: traders make small margins on the onions they buy and sell. â⬠¢ Farmers are reluctant to co-operate in production or marketing; yet the irrigation depends on local water associations and these function. Government and donor roles have largely been keeping the peace, a stable macro-economy and investing in physical infrastructure ââ¬â the roads, and upgrading the irrigation intakes. Provision of schools and health posts have brought services to the villages. and outcomes. Surveys of 240 households have been complemented by interviews with groups of farmers, elders and key informants. The study Since 2009, researchers from Sokoine University of Agriculture have been studying four villages in central Tanzania ââ¬â see Map, where onions are grown under irrigation for sale to domestic and regional markets. Two of the villages, Ruaha and Malolo, are located close to the main Dar-Iringa highway, while the other two, Lumuma and Moswero, have much poorer access down long and difficult dirt roads. The studies are designed to understand and explain the role of commercialisation in the villages, the processes involved FAC Research Update 004 www. future-agricultures. org Research Update Box A: How things began: village history Irrigation began at Ruaha-Mbuyuni when Mohamed Nganyali, a fisherman from Iringa, moved to the village. He showed others how to use traditional intakes to raise water level in the river so that it can flow into earth canals. During that time the rainfall was enough for a typical rainfed cropping of field crops such as maize, simsim and sorghum. This intake was upgraded by government in 1963, after which people started to grow onions with seeds from neighbouring villages. As word spread, the village saw incomers seeking irrigated plots. The valley of Malolo was settled by Wasagara, later joined by Wahehe who fled the German war against chief Mkwawa in Iringa in the late C19; attracted by the water. In-migration accelerated after 1961. The irrigation intakes were upgraded in 2002, with 24 km of main canals lined: funds for the work came from Japanese aid. The first settler in Lumuma was Byalumuma who gave his name to the place and its river. Subsequently settlers have come from all over Tanzania In 1975 onion farming was boosted by extension services demonstrating improved techniques. The irrigation intakes were upgraded in 2003, thanks to Danish funding through the Agricultural Sector Development Programme. A recent memorable date is September 2008, when the first mobile phone signals arrived after installation of a local mast. Msowero was first settled by two Wakaguru and two Wasagara families who came for the chance to irrigate. The numbers rose sharply after ujamaa villagisation in 1975 which saw a school built. Its irrigation was upgraded as part of the works for Lumuma in 2003, since they draw on the same stream. Sources: Interviews with elders and other key informants What can be seen in the villages? Commercial production of onions began when farmers, shown how to do it by an ncomer in the 1960s, diverted water from the streams that flow off surrounding hills to irrigate small plots on the flood plain. Box A tells more of the history of the villages. Later farmers soon realised that onions were a profitable crop on the irrigated land and began to specialise in their cultivation. Onions are sold to traders, mainly small-scale operators who lack their own transport, who buy and bag the onions, then hire trucks to take them to Dar and Mbeya, and sometimes beyond to Zanizibar, the Comoros, and south to Malawi and Zambia. Onions are sold on spot deals to whoever arrives and offers a good price. There are plenty of traders and although farmers complain of their lack of bargaining power, the marketing chains appears competitive. Some farmers are making use of the ubiquitous mobile phones to arrange times for traders to come and collect harvests, and to check prices in distant markets. The villages have few alternatives to farming, but the onion trade has given them a living that they could not aspire to from growing food crops ââ¬â see Figure A, showing returns to crops. Figure A: Returns to land and labour in the four villages, median values in US$ One surprising finding is that many of the farmers who are most engaged in irrigated onions have few or no food crops. Instead they seem to be obtaining most of their maize and other staples from neighbours who grow a surplus on rainfed fields. Surveys in rural Africa usually find farmers preferring to grow their own staples on part of their land, even when they have more profitable cash crops. Research Update 003 www. future-agricultures. org What has made the difference? Most of what has happened has come from the initiative of local farmers, linked to traders who are mainly small operators from other rural areas. It was the farmers who built rustic offtakes, diverted the water, levelled the plots and learned how to grow onions. Almost all the capital invested is local: very few farmers obtain credit, yet they apply 135ââ¬â175 kg/ha of manufactured fertiliser on their plots. Almost all of them finance this from their retained earnings. At first sight, government has played a minor role. But that would be unfair. Government has ensured a stable economy where farmers can invest, innovate and market their crops. It has also built roads, maintained them. The villages have schools and health posts. When disasters have struck in the past ââ¬â major droughts and floods, government has provided some relief. In one case, onion producers benefited from extension. Most interesting of all, government guided two donors, Denmark and Japan, to the villages where they funded the modernisation of the intakes. Ideal aid: the donors just helped the farmers improve on what they were already doing, without trying to tell them what to do. The irrigation systems are maintained by the farmers, through water users associations. Marketing might be improved by farmers investing in storage allowing them to extend sales to the months when onion prices rise. Use of text messages to the mobile phones could supply them with regular price updates that would help them make better decisions on selling. There are threats. Population has been rising steadily in the area, as farmers from dryland areas come looking for irrigated plots. Rents correspondingly are rising. With a heavy concentration on onions, there is always the threat of disease or a new pest that could spell disaster. Moreover, the onions are so profitable, one wonders how long before more villages take up the crop and begin to compete in the market. For the two remote villages, there is the prospect that one day the road will be improved: at the moment they are less than 40 km from district headquarters at Kilosa, but cannot drive there directly and instead have to take a circuitous route where it takes five hours to reach the Dar to Dodoma tarmac highway. The road to Kilosa has been in development plans for some years, but it has yet to be built. What are we going to look at next? Current studies are looking at the water associations. These function well enough: they have to, water supply is vital. Yet farmers do not co-operate in production, marketing or almost anything else. The question then is, when people are reluctant to co-operate, how do the water bodies work and what is the secret of their success? Next year it is intended to go back and resurvey the farmers, so that changes can be tracked through time. What might the future hold? Some scope exists to improve onion cultivation through use of certified, improved varieties instead of relying on the sometimes variable quality of local seed. Research Update 003 www. future-agricultures. org This Research Update was written by Khamaldin Mutabazi, Ntengua Mdoe Steve Wiggins of the Future Agricultures Consortium. The series editor is Beatrice Ouma. Further information about this series of Research Updates at: www. future-agricultures. org The Future Agricultures Consortium aims to encourage critical debate and policy dialogue on the future of agriculture in Africa. The Consortium is a partnership between research-based organisations across Africa and in the UK. Future Agricultures Consortium Secretariat at the University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RE UK T +44 (0) 1273 915670 E info@future-agricultures. org Readers are encouraged to quote or reproduce material from Future Agricultures Briefings in their own publications. In return, the Future Agricultures Consortium requests due acknowledgement and a copy of the publication. FAC appreciates the support of the UK Department for International Development (DfID) How to cite Commercialising from the bottom up: Onions in central Tanzania, Papers catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-77583636000832191572019-12-07T12:23:00.001-08:002019-12-07T12:23:02.472-08:00A very cheeky lesson learned free essay sample Lily Allen is growing up. Sheââ¬â¢s traded in her neon trainers for designer pumps and drunken stumble for a more mature, almost elegant glide, and sure, she still Twitters like a fiend and picks fights with even the most established of celebrities, but now with a slightly wiser and more placid affectation. Where 2007ââ¬â¢s Alright, Still was a cheeky (platinum in UK), in-your-face pop gem, Allenââ¬â¢s latest Itââ¬â¢s Not me, Itââ¬â¢s You is an equally cheeky, in-your-face pop gem in a slightly less smug tune and with even a few morals stuffed between acidic bouts of verbal abuse. Thatââ¬â¢s not to say itââ¬â¢s an after-school special, Allen is still very much a boisterous twenty-something with a rampaging attitude and this shows on blatantly boorish songs ââ¬Å"Not Fairâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Never Gonna Happenâ⬠, both of which reject prospective lovers with a less than tactful approach. But she throws anti-prejudiced ideas into songs and makes quips at her own growing celebrity status ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll take off my clothes and it will be shameless, ââ¬Ëcuz everyone knows thatââ¬â¢s how you get famousâ⬠on ââ¬Å"The Fearâ⬠. We will write a custom essay sample on A very cheeky lesson learned or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She chides the media, condemns her and the worldââ¬â¢s nasty habits, and contemplates death in the name of religion, but never once forgets her audience, balancing ethics with rude banter and synth-heavy pop hooks. Allen also gets personal, reconciling with her mom over Chinese takeout on ââ¬Å"Chineseâ⬠and revealing an equally strained and loving relationship with her dad on ââ¬Å"He Wasnââ¬â¢t Thereâ⬠. Allen abandons her dance-rock sound of Alright, Still for an eclectic mix of synth-led tunes, but none of the hooks quite stick. The electro-western kitsch of ââ¬Å"Not Fairâ⬠seems out of place for a pop-star whose persona is based entirely on witty British-ness. Other times, good attempts are misplaced, like the Eastern-European accordion ditty meets summery breakup song, ââ¬Å"Never Gonna Happenâ⬠, which is a bit too disjointed. Most songs have just enough dance-beat bass to get stuck in oneââ¬â¢s head, even without being completely welcome there. Even when Allenââ¬â¢s uncouth jesting gets a bit too crude for a traditional palate and her tunes almost miss the mark, she cannot be denied her rightful place as reigning pop princess. Her self-created image and hand-penned songs are a genre in themselves, a genre swarming with poor Allen facsimiles, like faux-lesbian Katy Perry. They have the look, but not many tongues are planted firmly enough in cheek to compete with Ms. Lily Allen, pop-star extraordinaire. catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-51052518939878475812019-11-30T00:05:00.001-08:002019-11-30T00:05:03.507-08:00Smithfield Foodââ¬â¢s Vertical Integration Strategy free essay sample What are the most important elements of Smithfield Foodââ¬â¢s strategy? 1. They chose the food industry ââ¬â in particular the red meat sector. 2. Their core business focus was on mainly pork, and beef to a lesser extent. 3. The company opted for an aggressive growth strategy which is primarily based on amongst others a geographic expansion: oThey carried out 32 acquisitions since 1981. oThey expanded into foreign markets ââ¬â Smithfield made acquisitions in Canada, France, Romania and Poland. Acquired meat processors in Poland and Romania; including a hog farming operation in the latter country. . They followed a product diversification strategy, in order to grow: 5. This resulted in diversification into new product segments ââ¬â they marketed chops, roasts, lions, ground pork, bacon, hams, sausages, sliced deli meats 6. Most importantly, they followed a vertical integration strategy into the pork business: oThis entailed a full or partial integration (depending on location), with operations ranging from operations in hog farming, feed mill, meat packing plants and distribution. We will write a custom essay sample on Smithfield Foodââ¬â¢s Vertical Integration Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 7. They also carried out joint ventures 8. Established joint ventures in Spain, Mexico, and China . In addition to that they sought to become a low cost provider: 10. They employed the newest technology available, their plants were efficient, their wages were low and operating costs were relatively low. The pricing was as such very competitive. ââ¬Å"Every effort was made to reduce costsâ⬠There was a concerted effort to lower costs and push up sales. Not withstanding the companyââ¬â¢s financial performance, this strategy has facilitated the rapid adoption of new technology, improved quality control, assured markets for the hogs and provided a steady flow of hogs for processing. This essentially created economies of scale and lowered production costs. The customers benefited as the company was able to respond to their changing preferences for quality and convenience type products. 2. Is there a moral problem with Smithfield Foodââ¬â¢s vertical integration strategy and its resulting concentration of thousands of hog farms and several meat-packing plants within a relatively small geographic area? Is it socially responsible for a company like Smithfield Foods to pursue a rapid growth strategy when that strategy poses environmental problems and adversely affects living conditions in the communities where it operates? Should the company be proud of its business model and strategy? oNo, there is no moral problem with this strategy. Neither the vertical integration strategy nor concentration of operations in small geographic areas poses a moral dilemma. ââ¬Å"A companyââ¬â¢s strategy relates broadly to competitive initiatives and action plan for running the businessâ⬠Hough et al (2008: 7). In a free, capitalist society, this remains the prerogative of the individual firm on how to compete, to make profit and grow the business. Against this background, the companyââ¬â¢s strategy is an attempt to contain volatile pricing in the market by controlling the every stage of production, thereby ensure the satisfaction of consumersââ¬â¢ changing preferences. The case study does not make reference to unfair competitive practices, but rather the focus is on ethics and social responsibility. oThe local communities where Smithfield ran its hog farming operation complained about its imposition on them, implying lack of consultation. More importantly, there were allegations of substantial adverse effects of low wages and environmental degradation. Lack of consultation in running business operation is neither paramount nor mandatory; however allegations of environmental damage and unfair labour practices infringe laws of any democratic country. They must therefore be seen in serious light and investigated by authorities. It must be borne in mind that prior to Smithfieldââ¬â¢s introduction of the concept of factory farming; the prices of hogs were on the decline, resulting in closure of local packing plants. Smithfield stabilized the local economy and changed the distribution of income. They saved local farms and brought jobs to this region. They also shouldered the risk of hog prices, thereby protecting the farmers. Smithfield was also able to satisfy customer demands of better products at lower prices. The local farming community showed their tacit support by their eagerness to do business with Smithfield as there was a two year long waiting list in 1998 for farmers wishing to enter into contract farming! oThe company should be proud of its business model. A business model refers to how and why the business will generate revenues, cover costs, and produce profits and a positive ROE. Annual sales in 2006 of $11 billion from $1. 5 billion in 1995 and an average compound growth rate of 24% during the decade speak volumes. However attention is required in addressing the following: â⬠¢Concerns from the industry observers on contract farming ââ¬â more specifically their ââ¬Å"debt ladenâ⬠nature â⬠¢Allegations of unfair labour practices- low pay/ low quality, in addition the recruitment of migrant labour from Central or South America that may be open to exploitation. Allegations of detrimental environmental practices ââ¬â impact of concentrated cluster of hog farms on the environment. â⬠¢Limited purchase of feed, machinery and fuel from local sources. â⬠¢Although, trivial the issue of the ââ¬Å"smellâ⬠in the air Essentially this business model was able to ensure profitability and sustainability of the com pany, because economies of scale in production and marketing. 3. Does Smithfield Foodââ¬â¢s hog raising operation in North Carolina harm anyone? Yes, the following were affected: â⬠¢Grain Farmers Feed grains were no longer purchased locally. At times, grains were imported at lower cost from Australia and Argentina â⬠¢Milling companies ââ¬â Grain was purchased and milled in the Midwest â⬠¢Farm equipment dealers ââ¬â Local farm equipment dealers were forced to close as Smithfield purchased equipment directly from the manufacturers. â⬠¢Local fuel dealers ââ¬â Diesel fuel was purchased directly from the refineries. â⬠¢Local truck dealers ââ¬â All truck purchases were made in Detroit from national dealers. â⬠¢Local farmers ââ¬â Inability to bargain and exposure to the risk of default on contract by Smithfield should it suit them to cancel the contract. Furthermore, they could hardly negotiate the terms and conditions of the loans received from Smithfield, as the demand for contracting farming was huge, they became price takers. â⬠¢Workers ââ¬â Working conditions were hard and unpleasant. Their wages were low. High labour turnover was prevalent as a result of the stressful work environment. â⬠¢Local store butchers ââ¬â Most grocery chains opted to buy fresh meat cuts, wrapped, packaged and ready for sale from Smithfield. â⬠¢Environment ââ¬â Allegations were abound that : a. Contaminants from hog lagoons were getting into ground water b. Industry is running out of places to spread the waste c. Emission of large amounts of ammonia gas from hog farms â⬠¢Local community a. The quality of the air declined because of the sharp, pungent odour from hog farms. b. Decline in jobs despite a rise in hog production c. Decline in property prices, perceived to be aftermath of the ââ¬Å"newâ⬠look and smell of the countryside. d. Decline in tourism ââ¬â as a result of the poor image of environment damage, more discernibly the pungent smell. 4. Who is benefited by Smithfield Foods strategy in the hog raising business? It goes without saying that, primarily, the strategy would have benefited the company, its management, employees and shareholders. This is evident in the good financial performance that resulted in the last decade. However other stakeholders also benefited: oFarmers ââ¬â they were guaranteed a set price per hog hence market access or freedom from market risk. Processors paid the hog producers their full cost of production on average over time or they would have no hogs supplied to them by the farmers. Access to funding in the form of loans was readily available for capital investment on the farms. Inputs, of the right quality were in constant supply. Smithfield also offered them a free veterinarian service. This essentially resulted in the survival of over 1000 family farms. This strategy reduced the risk and managerial demands on the farmers, while increasing availability of credit. oEmployment creation ââ¬â This resulted in the creation of new agricultural jobs. A typical farm employed five people. Total number of employees by Smithfield increased from 9000 in 1995 to 46 400 in 2004. oConsumers ââ¬â Increasing concentration of hog raising and ultimately processing, resulted in the decrease of the marketing margins because of economies of scale, and this benefit was passed onto to the consumer as lower food prices. Local economies ââ¬â Increased efficiency of labour and other resources in agriculture over time accounted for the higher standard of living. Prior to Smithfield hog raising strategy, the local economies were on the decline. oShareholders ââ¬â Earnings per share increased from $0. 40 in 1995 to $2. 03 in 2004. Net income increased by almost $200 million over the same period. 5. What is your assessment of Smithfield Foodsââ¬â¢ environmental policy (as represented in case Exhibit 3)? What evidence indicates that the policy is merely window dressing? catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-83129141844945304312019-11-25T22:15:00.001-08:002019-11-25T22:15:05.867-08:00Building Your Email List Part 2 How to Keep Your Readers EngagedBuilding Your Email List Part 2 How to Keep Your Readers Engaged Last week I gave you tips for setting up your email list, whether starting from scratch or dusting off an old one. This week weââ¬â¢ll talk more about what to do with that list and how to create content that will keep your readers engaged. First, if you didnââ¬â¢t do it last week, sign up with an email management system (EMS). (I have usedà MailChimp, Constant Contact and MyEmma and recommend all three.à Hope Clark uses Aweber.) Besides managing the data, they help you comply with privacy laws Next, you need to decide, and share with your list, how often youââ¬â¢ll be communicating. The two big factors in determining frequency are your audience and your ability to create material. A fiction author may want to have once-a-month check-ins, while a non-fiction author may easily fill a weekly newsletter. For more frequent schedules, offer your audience the option of a ââ¬Å"Digest Versionâ⬠- once a week for daily emails, once a month for weekly. Youââ¬â¢d much rather send them less than have them unsubscribe entirely. Exceptions to the schedule: If you have something big and exciting to share and itââ¬â¢s out of cycle, thatââ¬â¢s fine, as long as these random mailings donââ¬â¢t become the norm. If itââ¬â¢s timely, send a special email. If itââ¬â¢s going to be just as cool when itââ¬â¢s time for your next email, hold on to it. probably read it. A short, hyperlinked list of blogs youââ¬â¢ve written recently with a summary no longer than a tweet (140 characters) is okay to draw attention to anything they may have missed. Draft your newsletter in whatever word processor you chose, then copy and paste the text into your Email Management System. Once youââ¬â¢ve found a layout template you like, stick to it. Itââ¬â¢ll make formatting future emails much faster, and readers like a familiar feel. Also, try to avoid writing/formatting and sending all in one day. Youââ¬â¢re much more likely to catch mistakes if you let the material sit for a day or two between draft and distribution. Things to consider while writing and formatting: Write a greeting and ending (it is a newsLETTER, after all.) Keep blocks of text short and to the point. Lists (bulleted or numbered) make scanning easier. Make use of formatting (bold, italics, underlining) only as appropriate. Use proper grammar/spelling/etc. and have at least one proofreader. This may seem hard for the first couple of weeks or months, but eventually you develop a rhythm. When you provide engaging content on a regular basis, your fans sh catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-52796169771603611452019-11-22T05:39:00.001-08:002019-11-22T05:39:03.163-08:00Anti Terrorism Legislation May Infringe Human RightsAnti Terrorism Legislation May Infringe Human Rights Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Anti Terrorism Legislation May Infringe Human Right UK Anti- terrorism legislation of the past decade has been a passionately debated topic both within the media and the legislature itself. On one hand, it is argued that any nation should indeed encompass the ability to prevent any terrorist atrocity carried out against its people even if it is at the cost of human rights infringement. On the other hand, a tax on civil liberties has often been deemed an atrocity within its own rights and the recent influx of legislation has done nothing other than help with the evolution of global terrorism.à [ 1 ] à That the horrific events of September 11th 2001 changed the face of Terrorism is not at all in doubt. It was the end of the terrorism the world once knew as guerrilla violence for political gain. The violence administered on the New York skyscrapers was an unprecedented act which prompted an unprecedented reaction. Legislation in relation to terrorism in the UK was eagerly debat ed and following the 7th July 2005 it was accepted that the UK were not immune to attack thus facilitating the new legislation into position. Though anti-terrorist legislation has long existed in the UK and, much of which, has been incorporated within the recent developments, many new offences have also emerged creating a shift in the balance of power between the public and those forces responsible for administering the new legislation. Naturally there has been a significant increase in relation to the scope of police powers. Furthermore, the ââ¬ËIntelligence Communitiesââ¬â¢Ã [ 2 ] à have also capitalised in the power shift, especially in relation to covert intelligence gathering. To venture further into the effects of the recent developments to the legislation, it is important to analyse the current framework. A natural point of focus would be the definition of terrorist activity. Section 1 of the Terrorism Act 2000 outlines terrorist activity as: ââ¬Å"the use or thre at of action where, the action involves serious violence against a person, serious damage to property, endangers a personââ¬â¢s life or creates a serious risk to the health or safety of the public.â⬠à Theà ââ¬Å"use or threatâ⬠must be ââ¬Å"designed to influence the government or to intimidate the publicâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ à [ 3 ] à Section 2 of the same Act outlines a terrorist offender is someone who: ââ¬Å"is or has been concerned in the commission, preparation or instigation of terrorismâ⬠à [ 4 ] à Since the face of terror has changed to cell based networks, certain organisations are listed under the 2000 Actà [ 5 ] à as terrorist organisation, a recent addition to which has been Al-Qaeeda. A recent development emerging from the new legislation is the offence of organisations ââ¬Ëglorifyingââ¬â¢ terrorism being added to the list under s. 21 Terrorism Act 2006. This is not a question of whether such a provision is an intrusion on human r ights; free speech in particular, as it obviously is but rather to what extent is such taxation justifiable. Joining or rallying support of such proscribed groups is also a punishable offence under s. 12(1) of the 2006 Act. Arranging meeting and to address meeting of proscribed groups is also punishable under ss. 12(2) and 12(3) respectively. Even clothing worn in a manner that may raise suspicion that the wearer is a member of a proscribed group may earn a maximum penalty of 6 months imprisonment as per s.13 of the 2006 Act. catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-14893954573311731472019-11-20T20:45:00.001-08:002019-11-20T20:45:08.194-08:00C & C Grocery Stores Case Analysis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsC & C Grocery Stores Case Analysis - Article Example Recent structure of C&C also fails to change its environment, i.e. stores that are in sub urban areas are similar to those that are present in low income areas. New systems for supply and chain management were not yet implemented in stores. The friendly and informal environment that is created by the Doug Cummins in C&C was disregarded and therefore the within stores the cooperation get worsened. For instance an issue takes place in Louisiana store between store manager and grocery merchandiser when they decide to improve Diet Coke and Coke as a featured article of merchandise sold at a loss in order to draw customers. But the cooperation among these was poor and result in lack of preparation and communication led to their unwilling to cooperate regarding where the Coke can be displayed by the store manager. These issues could be resolved by powering the store manager in order to coordinate effectively in the stores. By doing this the cooperation would increase as the store manager got the authority and power to change whatever he or she requires for the sales improvement. This power would also increase the satisfaction of the store manager and they run their store in a profitable manner, and also can get training they require for their promotion as well as improvement of store. From my perspective I believe the new structure as much effective. This structure allows distinct responsibility areas and management. However, in the previous structure the name of responsible person was hard to determine, because whenever the store fails and the store manager is blamed he only talk about the way he desire to do something but canââ¬â¢t do the same way he wants because of meat/produce reject that by saying that it was not for their benefit. This issue is one of the core issues of the old structure, and it is entirely eliminated in the recent catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-27267481634021586932019-11-18T23:51:00.001-08:002019-11-18T23:51:03.395-08:00How to stop data warehousing and mining before they become more Essay - 1How to stop data warehousing and mining before they become more trouble than they are worth - Essay Example y service, promote efficient business operations and maintain the organizational productivity, avoiding disclosure of sensitive information and fraud and complying with the legislation. It is essential that the organizations understood the major principles of secure information systems implementation. Jeff Angus (2005) clearly demonstrates that the wrong and excessive security practices do nothing but harm the work, causing losses of money, time, and human labor, without providing the security the organization wanted to reach. He explains that very often the complexity of the initiatives overcomes the efforts, while there comes a moment when people and systems simply cannot cope with it, weakening the stability of system and protection. Angus points to the major error that can be committed by an organization concerned with its security: its concentration on ââ¬Å"what might go wrongâ⬠instead of on ââ¬Å"how to cope with the inevitable changes to their operations and business modelâ⬠. While the organization spends money, energy and time overhead, it can be undercut by the changes in the market, so that it may lack the resources as a result. Mark Miller (2005) tries to highlight the reasons of the erroneous practices taking place. To his mind, the major problem is that computer security field is building ââ¬Å"perpetual motion machinesâ⬠, without distinguishing possible and impossible goals. Permanent frustration caused by such practices leads to the perception that ââ¬Å"true computer security is impossibleâ⬠, the breeches in protection are inevitable. This, Miller warns, may result in decrease of demand for the security information systems. First of all, Miller explains, it is necessary to understand that the security issue in the pattern of commerce cooperation is ââ¬Å"how to safely obtain the benefits of interacting with the entities you do not trustâ⬠. It is also important to realize which of numerous and various models fits the best for achieving the purposes of the catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-28281334841565158652019-11-16T12:23:00.001-08:002019-11-16T12:23:02.925-08:00Aristotle and Meteorology Essay Example for Free Aristotle and Meteorology Essay Introduction: Aristotle wrote about many subjects that can be grouped into five general divisions: logic, physical works, psychological works, natural history works, and philosophical works. One of the little known physical works concerned meteorology. Aristotles views on meteorology are fascinating, but many of the views were not accurate. This paper compares only a few of his views to actual meteorological facts. I. Biography A. Birth and growth B. Influence on writings II. Basis of Aristotles meteorology A. Elements and theory B. Science and facts III. Water vapor and precipitation A. Aristotles view B. Science and fact. IV. Winds A. Aristotles view B. Science and fact Conclusion: Aristotle explained the various meteorological phenomenon in simplistic terms. The explanations match his theory of how matter and shape were interrelated. Aristotles ideas on water vapor and precipitation were somewhat accurate, considering that there were no tools to measure the atmosphere in his time. His views on wind, however, were not accurate at all. He wrote extensively on winds, but never fully comprehended how wind occurred. September 5, 2000 Aristotle on Meteorology Aristotle was born in 384 BC, at Stagirus, a Greek colony on the Aegean Sea near Macedonia. In 367 BC, Aristotle entered the Academy at Athens and studied under Plato, attending his lectures for a period of twenty years. In the later years of his association with Plato and the Academy, he began to lecture on his own account, especially on the subject of rhetoric. When Plato died in 347, Aristotle and another of Platos students, Xenocrates, left Athens for Assus, and set up an academy (Encyclopedia 2). In 342, Aristotle returned to Macedonia and became the tutor to a very young Alexander the Great. He did this for the next five to seven years. Both Philip and Alexander appear to have paid Aristotle high honor. There are stories that indicate the Macedonian court supplied Aristotle with funds for teaching, and with slaves to collect specimens for his studies in natural science (Encyclopedia 4). Aristotle returned to Athens when Alexander the Great began his conquests. He found the Platonic school flourishing under Xenocrates, and Platonism the dominant philosophy of Athens (Encyclopedia 5). Aristotle thus set up his own school at a place called the Lyceum. When teaching at the Lyceum, Aristotle had a habit of walking about as he discoursed. It was because of this that his followers became known in later years as the peripatetics, meaning, to walk about (Shakian 126). For the next thirteen years, he devoted his energies to his teaching and composing his philosophical treatises. His institution integrated extensive equipment, including maps and the largest library collection in Europe. He is said to have given two kinds of lectures: the more detailed discussions in the morning for an inner circle of advanced students, and the popular discourses in the evening for the general body of lovers of knowledge. At the sudden death of Alexander in 323 BC, the pro-Macedonian government in Athens was overthrown, and a general reaction occurred against anything Macedonian. A charge of impiety was trumped up against Aristotle. To escape prosecution he fled to Chalcis in Euboea so that (Aristotle says) The Athenians might not have another opportunity of sinning against philosophy as they had already done in the person of Socrates (Encyclopedia 5). In the first year of his residence at Chalcis he complained of a stomach illness and died in 322 BC (Encyclopedia 7). One of Aristotles writings is about meteorology. His theories are based on his belief that all objects in the world are composed of form and matter and the world is arranged according to the relative standing each object occupies in the universe (Shakian 127). This basis led to his theory that any motion was from the center or to the center (Encyclopedia 28). Aristotle saw the universe as a scale lying between the two extremes: form without matter on one end, and matter without form on the other end. Additionally, he believed all matter is made of four bodies: fire, air, water, and earth (Encyclopedia 29). With this information as a basis, it is no wonder that any remaining theories would probably be incorrect. Scientific fact cannot disprove that all objects are of form and matter. Any one can agree or disagree with that philosophy. However, scientific fact does show that movement can occur in directions away from the center or toward the center. For example, solar radiation from the sun does not travel in direct lines to or from a center. Some of the radiation scatters into space. Some is reflects from the earths surface and is lost into space (Lutgens 37-43). Air molecules do not move toward or away from a center. Air particles move in an infinite number of directions due to molecule size, shape, weight and composition. Finally, Aristotles theory that matter is made of four bodies is dramatically short sighted. Air is a mixture of at least nine different components and is constantly changing in composition. Nitrogen and oxygen make up nearly 99% of the volume of dry air. Of all the components of air, carbon dioxide is the most interest to meteorologists (Lutgens 5). In all fairness, Aristotle had no way to measure or determine the exact components of the atmosphere. In book 1, part 3 of Aristotles meteorology, Aristotle describes his explanation of water vapor. His explanation describes the area between the surface of the earth and the visible portion of the Milky Way. It is important to note that he views the Milky Way as a plane or upper level surface (Aristotle, Meteorology 253). Aristotle is very close to a scientific answer when he deduced that what immediately surrounds the earth is not mere air, but a sort of vapour, and that its vaporous nature is the reason why it condenses back to water again (Aristotle, Meteorology 253). His logic is interesting when he indicates that this expanse of a body cannot be fire for then all the rest would have dried up (Aristotle Meteorology 254). In part 9, Aristotle addressed the issue of precipitation. He explained that air condensing into water becomes a cloud. Mist is what remains when a cloud condenses into water. He further explained that when water falls in small drops, it is drizzle, and when the drops are larger, it is called rain (Aristotle Meteorology 267). This is one area where Aristotle was close to accurate. One flaw is his view of the Milky Way as a flat plane. Science has shown that the Milky Way is just one of an infinite number of star galaxies. Aristotle realized water vapor existed. He also realized that the area between the earth and the heavens was not fire. What Aristotle deduced as water vapor is scientifically referred to as a parcel of air. As the air parcel rises, it cools and may condense to form a cloud (Lutgens 81). Aristotle believed the remains of water vapor that did not form a cloud was mist. Actually, what remains is just other air parcels. The energy used to condense the air molecule is released as latent heat creating a cycle of rising and sinking air molecules (Lutgens 82-83). Aristotle provided names for the size of water droplets. It is possible that Aristotle coined the names drizzle and rain. Scientifically, drizzle is defined as small droplets of less than . 5 mm. Rain is defined as droplets of . 5 mm to 5 mm (Lutgens 131). Aristotle dedicated several chapters to the theory of winds. Without scientific measurements, the cause or theory of wind was difficult to determine or explain. Aristotle compared wind to a flowing river in book 1 (Aristotle Meteorology 348). Unfortunately, Aristotle could not discern why the river of wind never dried up. Therefore, he abandoned that theory and analogy of wind and simply tried to explain rivers instead. In book two, he dedicated three more chapters to wind. Aristotle used his theory of water vapor and direct observation of something he called smoke to describe the occurrence of wind. He related the rising water vapor and the heat of the sun. This combination created wind. Rain contributed to wind development by causing calm winds after a rain (Encyclopedia 191). Wind must have been a difficult subject for Aristotle to explain, considering how much was written about the subject. The facts indicate he was close to an answer but never fully understood the concept of wind. The definition of wind is the result of horizontal differences in air pressure. Air flows from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure. It is natures method to balance inequalities of pressure. Unequal heating of the earths surface generates the pressure differences. Therefore, solar radiation is the ultimate driving force of wind (Lutgens 149). The effects Aristotle explained were often the results of the pressure changes. He realized the sun had some influence. The clam wind after a rain is an occurrence with strong thunderstorms that leave a micro scale high-pressure dome in their wake (Lutgens 153). Aristotle explained the various meteorological phenomenon in simplistic terms. The explanations match his theory of how matter and shape were interrelated. Aristotles ideas on water vapor and precipitation were somewhat accurate, considering there were no tools to measure the atmosphere in his time. His views on wind, however, were not accurate at all. He wrote extensively on winds but never fully comprehended how wind occurred Works Cited Aristotle. Great Books of the Western World. Volume 1. Chicago: Robert P. Gwinn, 1990. Aristotle. Meteorology 113 438. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Internet Address: http://classics. mit. edu/Aristotle/meteorology. 1. i. html. Translated by E. W. Webster. 27 Aug. 2000. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1-321. University of Tennessee at Martin. Internet Address: http://www. utm. edu/research/iep/a/aristotl. htm. 24 Aug. 2000. Lutgens, Frederick K. and Edward J. Tarbuck. The Atmosphere. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1992. Sahakian, William S. and Mabel Lewis Sahakian. Ideas of the Great Philosophers. New York: Barnes Noble Inc. , 1970. catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9094217018554857646.post-17460116402328644592019-11-14T00:53:00.001-08:002019-11-14T00:53:02.766-08:00Faith in Faulkners Light In August Essay -- Faulkner Light August RelFaith in Faulkner's Light In August Religion is a big part of the southern world that Faulkner creates in Light In August. It is also a major theme of the novel. Most characters seem to use ââ¬Å"Lordâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Godâ⬠very often in their dialogue, which shows that religion is never forgotten by the members of this society. Light in August portrays a type of religious fundamentalism. In this fundamentalism, among the people of the south, there is only one proper way of following and implementing religion in oneââ¬â¢s life. Characters are constantly trying to justify killing, hatred, and racism through their faith. The creation of hatred and racism is the result of each characterââ¬â¢s belief that theirs are the only genuine beliefs and therefore, it is their responsibility to carry out the work of God in their own personal way and through their own reasoning. Two characters that are blinded by their own version of living a religious life are Mr. Hines and Mr. McEachern. I will argue that the obsession with their religion and their belief of how it should be followed is an ideology that fails each of these characters in their purpose. Consequently, the more these characters are faced by failure the more they try to embody God and take actions as if they are the Almighty Himself. Ironically, while using religion as a shield these characters fail to see their own sins. These characters see their sins instead, as the most essential and virtuous deeds and the work of God. From the moment Mr. McEachern picks up Joe Christmas from the foster home he stresses the importance of religion to Joe. While introducing himself, Mr. McEachern explains to Joe, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦I will have you learn soon that the two abominations are sloth and idle thinking, the... ...forced upon them. There are other types of religious extremists, like Doc Hines, who see those who do not share their faith as enemies and believe that they are a curse of God and therefore, should be eliminated through killing. These ideologies, even though seen in our world today, cannot be the definitions of faith and religion. In fact, the violence created through them defies the very basic beliefs associated with most world religions. Mr. McEachern and Doc Hines are blinded by their faith and their approach to implement religion in their lives and the lives of others is a forceful and violent one. In the end, both characters fail to spread their faith and instead their forceful teachings and extremist beliefs perpetuate more evil than good in the name of God. Works Cited Faulkner, William. Light in August. New York: Vintage International, 1990. catherinebrewer1923http://www.blogger.com/profile/05121092581068885949noreply@blogger.com0